Cardiology

Question 1

HFrEF?

Answer 1

EF < 40%

Question 2

HFmrEF?

Answer 2

EF 40-49%

Question 3

HFpEF?

Answer 3

EF >= 50%

Question 4

Dose of digoxin which manifest symptoms of toxicity?

Answer 4

> = 2ng

Question 5

Maintaining dose of digoxin?

Answer 5

0.5 to 1ng

Question 6

LVOT obtruction is defined as LVOT gradient of?

Answer 6

Resting LVOT gradient >= 30mmHg

Severe obstruction >= 50mmHg

Question 7

In Mitral Valve Regurgitation, if the murmur radiates to the anterior BASE, what is the leaflet involve?

Answer 7

posterior leaflet of the mitral valve

Question 8

Development of acute severe HYPOTENSION in post MI patients, what is the cause?

Answer 8

Ventricular Free Wall Rupture

Question 9

Development of NEW systolic murmur 5-7 days S/P MI, what is the cause?

Answer 9

Papillary Muscle Rupture

Question 10

In Mitral Valve Regurgitation, if the murmur radiates to the AXILLA or laterally, what is the leaflet involve?

Answer 10

Anterior mitral valve leaflet

Question 11

Most common cause of death in POST MI?

Answer 11

Arrhythmias - Ventricular Fibrillation

Question 12

It is a congenital heart defect in infants of women taking LITHIUM in which septal leaflet of the tricuspid valve is displaced towards the apex of the right ventricle.

Answer 12

Ebstein’s Anomaly

Question 13

Systolic ejection murmur, crescendo/decrescendo, louder with squatting, softer with valsalva, + parvus et tardus?

Answer 13

Aortic Stenosis

Question 14

Systolic ejection murmur, louder with valsalva, softer with squatting or handgrip?

Answer 14

Hypertrophic Obstructive Cardiomyopathy

Question 15

Late systolic murmur with click, louder with valsalva and handgrip, softer with squatting?

Answer 15

Mitral Valve Prolapse

Question 16

Holosystolic murmur radiates to axilla?

Answer 16

Anterior Leaflet Mitral Regurgitation

Question 17

Holosystolic murmur with late diastolic rumble?

Answer 17

Ventricular Septal Defect

Question 18

Continuous machinery-like murmur?

Answer 18

Patent Ductus Arteriosus

Question 19

Wide fixed and split S2?

Answer 19

Atrial Septal Defect

Question 20

Rumbling diastolic murmur with an opening snap?

Answer 20

Mitral Stenosis

Question 21

Hypertension with end organ damage?

Answer 21

Hypertensive Cardiovascular Disease

Question 22

If there is obliteration of retrosternal area in lateral view chest X-ray, what chamber is enlarge?

Answer 22

Right Ventricular enlargement

Question 23

If there is obliterated lower third retrocardiac space in lateral view of chest x-ray, what chamber is enlarge?

Answer 23

Left Ventricular enlargement

Question 24

If there is obliteration of the upper two-thirds of the retrocardiac space in lateral view of chest x-ray, what chamber is enlarge??

Answer 24

Left Atrial enlargement

Question 25

What cardiac chamber is enlarge if there is increase carina angle and obliteration of cardiac waistline?

Answer 25

Left Atrial Hypertrophy

Question 26

What portion of the heart is enlarge if apex is displaced downwards and laterally in chest xray?

Answer 26

Left Ventrical enlargement

Question 27

Blowing diastolic murmur with widened pulse pressure and eponym parade?

Answer 27

Aortic Regurgitation

Question 28

Based on the ACC/AHA Guidelines, patients at risk for HF but without structural heart disease of symptoms of heart failure belong to which stage of heart failure?

A. Stage A
B. Stage B
C. Stage C
D. Stage D

Answer 28

Answer: A

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ACC/AHA Stage - Symptoms

A – At high risk for heart failure but without structural heart disease or symptoms of heart failure.

B – Structural heart disease but without signs or symptoms of heart failure.

C – Structural heart disease with prior or current symptoms of heart failure.

D – Refractory heart failure requiring specialized interventions.

Question 29

Cardiogenic shock is characterized by:

A. Warm and dry
B. Wet and warm
C. Dry and cold
D. Wet and cold

Answer 29

Answer: D

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According to the algorithm developed by Stevenson, patients presenting with congestion are classified as “wet”, whereas patients without congestion are called “dry”. Patients with inadequate perfusion are classified as “cold”, whereas those with good perfusion are classified as “warm”.

dry-warm (profile A) – compensated

wet-warm (profile B) – most common type. Patients with decompensation showing a predominance of pulmonary and/or systemic congestion with adequate peripheral perfusion and their treatment include vasodilators and diuretics.

dry-cold (profile L) – finding of poor perfusion without pulmonary congestion is rare and usually responds to volume.

wet-cold (profile C) – with pulmonary and/or systemic congestion and poor peripheral perfusion, inotropic drugs and diuretics are indicated. Shows worse prognosis.

Question 30

In restrictive cardiomyopathy, which is the best imaging modality to look at endomyocardial fibrosis?

A. 2D echo
B. Cardiac MRI
C. PET
D. SPECT

Answer 30

B. Cardiac MRI