Cardiology Flashcards
Only anti-lipid drug allowed with pregnancy
Bile Acid Sequestrants (Cholestyramine, Colestipol, Colesevelam)
Best anti-lipid to decrease triglycerides
Fibrates (fenofibrate, gemfibrozil)
Which anti-lipid drug is associated with hyperuricemia/gout?
Niacin (Nicotinic Acid, Vitamin B3)
What can a patient due to decrease side effects on Niacin (flushing, headaches, warm sensations, pruritus)
Take ASA or ibuprofen prior to use
What are contraindications to using statins
Patient on antibiotics/tetracyclines
When is the best time to take a statin and reason why
Best at bedtime (when cholesterol synthesis is maximal)
Which anti-lipid drug is associated with gallstones and why?
Fibrates (Gemfibrozil, Fenofibrate), it increases bile lithogenicity because it blocks enterohepatic reabsorption of bile acids
Which anti-lipid medication can be used to also treat pruritus associated with biliary obstruction?
Bile acid sequestrants (Cholecystyramine, colestipol, colesevelam)
Which anti-lipid is associated with hyperglycemia and thus should be avoided in diabetics?
Niacin
What are Omega 3 fatty acids used for?
For hypertriglyceridemia
Sources of Omega 3s
Salmon, Flaxseed, canola oil, soybean oil, nuts
Medications associated with causing secondary HTN
OCPs, NSAIDs, Antidepressants (TCAs, SSRIs), Glucocorticoids, Decongestants (Pseudophedrine), Weight loss medications, stimulants (methylphenidate, amphetamines), Illicit drugs, cyclosporine, erythropoietin
Endocrine Disorders associated with causing secondary HTN
Pheochromocytoma
Cushing’s Syndrome
Hypo/Hyperthyroidism
Hyperparathyroidism
Resistant HTN - consider what other causes
OSA, Pheochromocytoma, primary aldosteronism, Coarctation of the aorta (in childlren)
JNC-8 HTN Guidelines for patients >60 years
<150/90
JNC-8 HTN Guidelines for patients <60 years
<140/90
JNC-8 HTN Guidelines for patients >18 with diabetes
<140/90
JNC-8 HTN Guidelines for patients >18 with CKD
<140/90
Initial monotherapy for HTN in African Americans
Thiazide diuretic or long-acting calcium channel blocker dihydropyridine (amlodipine)
Initial Monotherapy in Diabetes or CKD
ACE or ARB
HTN medications associated with Hyperuricemia/gout
ACE inhibitors, Thiazides
First line HTN medication in elderly
Thiazide
Strongest diuretic class
Loop diuretics
Diuretic associated with gynecomastia
Spironolactone
Which Calcium channel blockers are used in treating HTN?
Dihydropyridines aka
Amlodipine (Norvasc), Nifedipine (Procardia)
Considerations with B-blockers and Diabetics:
May mask tachycardia associated with hypoglycemia, be cautious with use
Which beta blockers are cardioselective?
Atenolol
Metoprolol
Esmolol
What are the non-selective Beta blockers?
Propranolol
Which are alpha and beta associated beta blockers?
Labetalol
Carvedilol
Which B-blockers are contraindicated/avoided in COPD/Asthma?
Non-selective: Propranolol, Labetalol, Carvedilol
Which antihypertensives are also good for BPH?
Alpha-1 blockers (Prazosin, Terazosin, Doxazosin)
Which anti-hypertensive may improve osteoporosis, reduce hypercalciuria, and reduce nephrolithiasis?
Thiazide
What is the most common cause of HTN in children <10 years?
Renal parenchymal disease
