CARDIOlogy

Question 1

Pericarditis

Answer 1

Widespread saddle shaped ST elevation, eased by leaning forward

Question 2

Costochondritis

Answer 2

Localised chest pain, painful to touch

Question 3

Angina

Answer 3

Pain on exertion, relieved by rest

Question 4

Cardiac Tamponade

Answer 4

beck’s triad:Hypotension, raised JVP, Muffled Heart sounds CABG/surgery
Hypotension, Dyspnoea
Electromechanical dissociation

Question 5

Pneumothorax

Answer 5

21 year old athlete
Pleuritic chest pain
Increased resonance and reduced expansion on affected side

Question 6

Aortic Dissection

Answer 6

Tearing chest pain radiating to the back. Weak peripheral pulses.
Phx of Hypertension. More in males

Question 7

Pericardial Effusion

Answer 7

Beck’s triad – Hypotension, raised JVP, muffled heart sounds

Question 8

Atrial fibrillation

Answer 8

Absent a waves, irregularly irregular

Question 9

Coarctation of aorta

Answer 9

Radiofemoral delay

Rib notching

Question 10

Paroxysmal SVT (e.g. Paroxysmal Atrial Tachy)

Answer 10

Otherwise well woman, catches her breath, fluttering in her chest

Question 11

SVC Obstruction

Answer 11

Fixed, raised JVP

Question 12

Rheumatic fever

Answer 12

Mitral stenosis, polyarthritis, pancarditis, Aschoff nodules

Question 13

Tricuspid Regurg

Answer 13

Large V waves

Question 14

Complete heart block

Answer 14

Cannon A waves

Question 15

Acute CO2 retention

Answer 15

Bounding pulse, asterixis

Question 16

Left ventricular failure

Answer 16

Pulsus alternans

Question 17

Hypokalaemia

Answer 17

Widespread Flattened T waves, Downsloping ST segments, Prominent U waves

Question 18

Digoxin effect

Answer 18

Downsloping ST segments – sagging – digoxin tick

Question 19

Digoxin toxicity

Answer 19

Reverse tick, yellow halos around objects, hyperkalaemia

Question 20

Marfan’s

Answer 20

Arachynodactyly (spider fingers) + Hypermobile joints + aortic dissection

Question 21

Hydralazine

Answer 21

Drug induced SLE

Question 22

Kussmaul’s sign (constrictive pericarditis)

Answer 22

JVP rises on inspiration

Question 23

VSD

Answer 23

Left parasternal heave, harsh pan-systolic murmur

Days post AMI + readmitted for shock + murmur

Question 24

Aortic sclerosis

Answer 24

ESM(ejection systolic murmur) not radiating to carotids

thickening of a trileaflet aortic valve without obstructing ventricular outflow

Question 25

Aortic regurg

Answer 25

Water hammer pulse/collapsing pulse, wide pulse pressure, pistol shot sound over femoral arteries, Corrigan’s sign – waterhammer pulse at carotid, early diastolic murmur