Cardiology 3

Question 1

Cardiac function is measured by?

Answer 1

Cardiac output (CO)- volume of blood ejected per unit time 
CO= HR x SV

Question 2

To alter cardiac function we have 2 targets?

Answer 2

HR and SV

Question 3

Key regulators of heart include

Answer 3

SNS, NE/E and ANGII

Question 4

SNS regulation of channel

Answer 4

SNS or NE activation of beta-adrenergic receptor
increases funny channel and Ca channel activity
increases membrane potential and increases depolarization rate

Question 5

PSN regulation of channels in SA node

Answer 5

cholinergic receptor stimulated, increase K channel and decrease Ca channel activity, decrease MP, decrease depolarization rate

Question 6

B-adrenergic drive increases?

Answer 6

Ca entry through L-type Ca channels

-increased conduction signals matched with increased myocyte excitation

Question 7

Phospholamban acts as a break for?

Answer 7

SERCA
PLB binds to serca and slows pump
PKA phosphorylation of PLB causes release

Question 8

2 methods of dealing with heart failure include?

Answer 8

Compensatory/adaptive
-heart adjusts structure and subcellular functions
-heart function modified to meet increased demand
Decompensatory/maladaptive
-cardiac adjustments (structure and function) are detrimental
-rapidly declining phase

Question 9

Chronic beta-adrenergic receptor activation leads to?

Answer 9

decreased contractility
cardiac hypertrophy
apoptosis

Question 10

What is the cause behind sudden death due to ARVC in boxers?

Answer 10

decreased calstabin 2 binding to Ryr
no change in Ryr receptor
Increased Po and Ca leak from SR
No mutations detected

Question 11

Rycals

Answer 11

stabilization of Ryr is a viable therapeutic strategy for heart failure
JVT-519 shown to stabilize RYR and slow HR