Cardiology Flashcards by Amal Joseph

Oncology patient with Cardiac Failure and Plural Effusion

Cardiomyopathy secondary to Chemotherapy

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Alternative in patients with primary hypercholesterolaemia where statins are inappropriate

Ezetimibe

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Palmar Xanthomas are Pathognomic of

Dysbetalipoproteinemia (Type 3)

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Carotid Sinus Hypersensitivity Management

Dual Chamber Pacemakers

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WPW Associated with congenital syndrome

Ebstein’s Anomaly

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Post MI + SOB + Pan Systolic Murmur + Dialated RV + TR

Post MI Ventricular Septal Rupture

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Common ECG findings in HOCM

Bundle Branch Block
Axis Deviation
PR Prolongation

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Chronic Aortic Regurgitation Surgery Consideration

Asymptomatic Patient
1. Ejection Fraction <50%
2. LV Dialation >50 mm
Symptomatic Patient - Regardless of findings

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Marfans Syndrome clinical features

Myopia
Pectus excavatum
Thoracolumbar striae in combination with a family history of sudden cardiac death

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Management of STEMI in pregnant women

Angioplasty

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Poor prognosis in Congestive Cardiac Failure

Hyponatremia

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Management of Hyponatremia in patients with Heart Failure

1st Line - Fluid Restriction

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Atrial Myxoma Clinical Features

Finger Clubbing
Normocytic Anemia
Intracardiac Calcification

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Diagnosis of Pulmonary Hypertension

catheterisation to measure the pulmonary pressure.

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Best graft for CABG

Internal Mammary Artery > Saphenous Vein

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Thiazide Diuretic DOC for Hypertension according to NICE

Indapamide

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Management of VT secondary to Digoxin toxicity

IV Lignocaine

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First Line treatment for acute pericarditis

Colchicine and Aspirin

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Most common cause of acute pericarditis

coxsackie B virus

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Dental Extraction Infective Endocarditis

S. viridans

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Infective Endocarditis associated renal symptom

Microscopic Hematuria (due to vasculitis)

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Empirical treatment for infective endocarditis

Intravenous amoxicillin with gentamicin

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Eye Finding Diagnostic of infective endocarditis

Roth spots - white-centered retinal hemorrhages.

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Driving Rules post PCI

Stop Driving -> Infrom DVLA -> Return for Exercise Tolerance without stopping medication

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ECG findings in Pulmonary Embolism

Most common - sinus tachycardia Other changes - right bundle branch block

Brugada Syndrome ECG findings

ST elevation in V1-V3 with RBBB (coved ST elevation)

Orthostatic Hypotension Investigation

Tilt Table Test

NSTEMI or Unstable Angina Anticoagulation of Choice

Fondaparinux If CKD - Unfractionated Heparin

Dressler's Syndrome Management

Aspirin 650mg QDS

Heart Failure with multiple medication and failed or ineffective beta blocker DOC

Ivabradine

Specific ECG finding in Pericarditis

PR segment depression in Lead 2 and PR segment elevation in aVR

First Line treatment of Asymptomatic and Symptomatic Long QT syndrome

Beta-Blocker (Atenolol)

Infective Endocarditis patient with IV antibiotics taken for 6 weeks and Inflammatory markers getting to normal but with vegetation in valve MANAGEMENT

Can be discharged and followed in OPD

First Line treatment of Torsades de Pointes

Magnesium (MgSO4) and Potassium

Long distance runner + relative bradycardia + Normal ECG and Xray

Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation

Management of Left Ventricular dysfunction without Heart Failure

ACE/ARB (Ramipril)

NICE guidelines for Non-Valvular AF

NOAC - Apixaban, Rivaroxaban

Familial Hypertriglyceridemia management

Fenofibrates (NOT STATINS)

Medical Management of HOCM

Beta-Blockers

Pulmonary stenosis

- Right axis deviation - Dominant R wave in V1 - Prominent S waves in V5 and V6

Heart Failure with Low ejection fraction with edema on furosemide management

Spironolactone or Eplerenone

Early Repolarization Variant ECG findings

ST elevation but no clinical features of MI (seen in black males)

Anti Arrhythmic Contraindicated in Coronary Artery Disease

Flecainide

Migraine patient on sumatriptan complaints of chest pain

Stop Sumatriptan - It is associated with Vasospasm leading to chest pain

Palmar Xanthoma is Pathognomic of

Type 3 Familial Dysbetalipoproteinemia

Eruptive Xanthoma of Knee is Seen in

Type 1 Familial Hyperchylomicronemia

Tendon xanthoma and Xanthelasma is seen in

Type 2a Familial Hypercholesterolemia

Poor Prognosis for Cardiac Failure

Hyponatremia - Signifies significant fluid overload

Management of palpitation caused by Premature ventricular ectopics

Bisoprolol - Beta Blocker

Noonan Syndrome Valvular defect

Pulmonary Stenosis

Low Systemic Vascular resistance and Normal Cardiac Output Diagnosis

Septic Shock

Cardiac Contra-Indication for Pregnancy

Pulmonary Artery Hypertension Severe AS Mitral Stenosis

Female with congenital bicuspid aortic valve who wants to get pregnant management

Bio-prostethic (porcine) valve replacement

Dextrocardia ECG Changes

Inverted P waves in lead 1 and Shift of P-axis and reversed R-wave progression

Out of Hospital Cardiac Arrest Best way to manage patient after achieving ROSC

Therapeutic Hypothermia (32-36 degree)

Murmur loudest over thoracic spine and notching over posterior ribs on xray diagnosis

Coarctation of Aorta

Pulmonary Artery Hypertension with Acute Vasodilator test +ve

Amlodipine

AF with low BP and Signs of LV Failure

Digoxin (Not Beta blocker) because it is inotrope

Indication for anticoagulation in Heart Failure

- Previous Thromboembolic event - Intracardiac Thrombus - LV aneurysm

DVLA Rules for Unstable Angina Post Angioplasty

No heavy goods vehicle until assessed by DVLA and Car after one week if pain free

DVLA Rules for Unstable Angina not underwent angioplasty

No heavy goods vehicle until assessed by DVLA and Car after one month if pain free

Anticoagulation protocol for patient posted for cardioversion after 1month

LMW Heparin + Warfarin and review need for further anticoagulation after 1month

Diagnostic Investigation for Coarctation of Aorta

Echocardiography

Severe LV dysfunction patient with small aortic valve area management

Repeat Echo with Dobutamine (severe LV dysfunction can cause false valve opening)

NSTEMI with Sublingual GTN but BP still elevated management

IV GTN

Stable Angina with symptoms after trying GTN spray and Beta blocker and CCB

Ivabradine

Constrictive Pericarditis Investigation to Identify cause

Surgical Pericardial Biopsy

Hypothermia Patient with Ventricular Arrhythmia management

Prolonged CPR is necessary before defibrillation

Cause of Subvalvular AS

Hypertrophic Obstructive Cardiomyopathy (HOCM)

Cause of Supravalvular AS

William's syndrome

Antiphospholipid syndrome clinical Features

Branched Retinal Vein Occlusion + Prolonged APTT