Cardiology Flashcards
Aortic stenosis management
- Asymptomatic then observe the patient is a general rule
- Symptomatic then valve replacement
- Asymptomatic but valvular gradient > 40 mmHg and with features such as left ventricular systolic dysfunction then consider surgery
Options for aortic valve replacement (AVR) include:
O. Surgical AVR is the treatment of choice for young, low/medium operative risk patients.
O. Transcatheter AVR (TAVR) is used for patients with a high operative risk
O. Balloon valvuloplasty: children
in adults limited not fit for valve replacement
symptomatic stable angina on a calcium channel blocker but with a contraindication to a beta-blocker. Next line?
For a patient with symptomatic stable angina on a calcium channel blocker but with a contraindication to a beta-blocker, the next line treatment should be long-acting nitrate, ivabradine, nicorandil or ranolazine
HOCM
ECG findings
Echo findings
Associations
ECG
- left ventricular hypertrophy
- non-specific ST segment and T-wave abnormalities, progressive T wave inversion may be seen
- deep Q waves
- AF may occasionally be seen
Echo findings - mnemonic - MR SAM ASH
- mitral regurgitation (MR)
- systolic anterior motion (SAM) of the anterior mitral valve leaflet
- asymmetric hypertrophy (ASH)
Associations
- Friedreich’s ataxia
- Wolff-Parkinson White
