Cardiology Flashcards
BP > 220/140mmHg
(+) Acute Target Organ Damage
Diagnosis and Management?
Hypertensive Emergency
ICU admission
BP cut-off for Hypertensive Emergency
> 220/140
BP cut-off for Hypertensive Urgency?
> 180/110
BP > 180/110
(+) moderate target organ damage
Diagnosis and Management?
Hypertensive Urgency
Oral Medications
ffup with 24 - 72hrs
Eligible group where Australian CVD risk calculator used for primary prevention
> 45 Australian Adults
35 ATSI
with no known CVD
Phaeochromocytoma symptoms in secondary hypertension
Frequent headaches
Sweating
Palpitations
Sleep apnoea symptoms in secondary hypertension
Obesity * must be present
Snoring
Daytime sleepiness (poor school performance for children)
Hypokalaemia symptoms in secondary hypertension
Muscle weakness Hypotonia Muscle tetany Cramps Cardiac arrythmias
Causes of secondary hypertension
S leep apnea H ypokalemia P haeochromocytoma R ecreational drugs T hyroid disease
Microalbuminuria ACR levelsa
Male 2.5 - 25 mg/mmol
Female 3.5 - 35 mg/mmol
Macroalbuminuria ACR levels
Males > 25 mg/mmol
Females > 35 mg/mmol
Microalbuminura Albumin excretion levels
30-300 mg/day
Macroalbuminuria Albumin excretion levels
> 300 mg/day
Microalbuminuria PCR levels
Male 4 - 40 mg/mmol
Female 6 - 60 mg/mmol
Macroalbuminuria PCR levels
Male > 40 mg/mmol
Female > 60 mg/mmol
Microalbuminuria Protein excretion levels
50 - 500 mg/day
Trace to +1 reagent strip
Macroalbuminuria Protein excretion/day
> 500 mg/day
> /= + 1 reagent strip
Lifestyle advice for Hypertension:
Physical activity 18-64yo
150 - 300min/week moderate intensity
75 - 150min/week vigorous activity
Muscle strengthening activities at least 2 days/week
Lifestyle advice for Hypertension:
Weight control
Waist circumference:
< 94 cm males
< 90 cm Asian males
< 80 cm females
Lifestyle advice for Hypertension:
Physical activity requiring medical review and supervised physical activity
Unstable angina BP >/= 180/100 Uncontrolled HF or cardiomyopathy MI within last 3 mos Severe aortic stenosis Resting bradycardia or arrythmias Chest discomfort or SOB at rest or low activity Diabetes with poor glycemic control
Lifestyle advice for Hypertension:
Salt intake for primary prevention
Salt = 6g/day
Lifestyle advice for Hypertension:
Alcohol intake
No more than 2 standard drinks on any day.
No more than 4 SD on any occasion.
Lifestyle advice for Hypertension:
Salt intake for secondary prevention
Salt = 4g/day
Anti-hypertensive drug that prevents onset of nephropathy, CHD, and reduce DM mortality in hypertension.
ACE inhibitors
