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Biol 215 > Cardio Vascular System: Blood Chapter 19 > Flashcards

Cardio Vascular System: Blood Chapter 19 Flashcards

1
Q

3 Components of the circulatory system

A

heart, blood, and blood vessels

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2
Q

The cardiovascular system is the first system developed by week ___ of gestation

A

3

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3
Q

The heart serves as a pump and has to have a form of _________.

A

transportation

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4
Q

5 Purposes of blood

A
  1. Transportation
  2. Regulation of pH
  3. Maintenance of Body temp
  4. Protection Against Foreign Substances
  5. Clot Formation
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5
Q

Blood transports which gases and what else?

A

oxygen, carbon dioxide, and waste, nutrients, and vitamins, and regulatory molecules and hormones/enzymes

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6
Q

pH is regulated by

A

hydrogen

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7
Q

______ buffer system

A

bicarbonate

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8
Q

acid indicates _____ hydrogen

A

high

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9
Q

base indicates ______ hydrogen

A

low

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10
Q

bicarbonate buffers concentrations of _________

A

hydrogen

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11
Q

the bicarbonate buffers concentrations of hydrogen by ________ concentrations in acids and __________ concentrations in bases.

A

absorbing, providing

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12
Q

warm blood shunts to the surface to release heat when hot, thus ______.

A

sweating

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13
Q

blood will stay inside of deeper tissue to maintain heat loss when ______

A

cold

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14
Q

Blood has access to parts of your body that could be invaded by _____

A

pathogens

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15
Q

2 Cells in the blood that fight against pathogens

A

WBC and antibodies

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16
Q

Clot formation _____ blood loss

A

seals

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17
Q

______ monitor blood loss

A

platelets

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18
Q

a collection of _____ form a clot at damage

A

cells

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19
Q

blood clots prevent blood ___

A

loss

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20
Q

blood is _______ tissue

A

connective

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21
Q

Blood has an extensive ________ ______ thus meaning fewer cells

A

extracellular matrix

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22
Q

extracellular matrix is ______

A

fluid

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23
Q

55% of blood is

A

plasma

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24
Q

45% of blood is

A

hematocrit

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25
Q

hematocrit Is the percentage of _______ components

A

cellular

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26
Q

a ________ is a solution that contains a substance that doesn’t settle out (plasma)

A

colloid

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27
Q

____% of blood is water

A

91

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28
Q

3 Proteins found in blood consist of

A

Albumins, globulins, and fibrinogen

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29
Q

Antibodies are types of

A

globulins

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30
Q

_______ regulate osmotic pressure and osmosis and transportation

A

albumins

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31
Q

________ transport and work with immunity

A

globulins

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32
Q

_________ are blood clotting fibers

A

fibrinogen

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33
Q

plasma without the clotting factor is called

A

serum

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34
Q

______ are made of ions, nutrients, waste, gases, and regulatory substances

A

hormones

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35
Q

3 Cell fragments in blood are

A

Erethrocytes, leukocytes, and thrombocytes

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36
Q

__________/_________ is the formation of RED blood cells

A

Hematopoiesis/Hemopoiesis

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37
Q

ALL blood cells are derived from __________ (a stem cell)

A

Hemocytoblasts

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38
Q

All cells come from _______ cells (hemocytoblasts)

A

myeloid cells

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39
Q

Lymphocytes come from ______ cells (hemocytoblasts)

A

lymphoid cells

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40
Q

_________ have a biconcave disc

A

erythrocytes

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41
Q

biconcave disc allows for flexibility and to pass through ______ _______

A

blood vessels

42
Q

Erythrocytes are _______ and lose their nucleus during maturity

43
Q

Because erythrocytes are anucleate they are incapable of ______ and cannot repair damage

44
Q

Erythrocyte life span is

45
Q

Blood is full of what oxygen carrying protein

A

hemoglobin

46
Q

Oxygen is transported by attaching to ______

A

hemoglobin

47
Q

Carbon dioxide is primarily transported by ______.

A

bicarbonate

48
Q

Globin is the ______ and heme is the _______

A

protein, iron

49
Q

There are _ global and _ heme per HEMOGLOBIN

50
Q

_______ hemoglobin is the first globin to activate in your genes

51
Q

_______ hemoglobin replaces at the 3rd month of development

52
Q

_______ hemoglobin replaces 60-90% at birth and has a weaker affinity for ocygen

53
Q

______ means it is bound to oxygen

A

oxyhemoglobin

54
Q

______ means it is not bound to oxygen

A

deoxyhemoglobin

55
Q

__________ means it is transporting carbon dioxide

A

Carbaminohemoglobin

56
Q

When transporting carbon dioxide, the carbon dioxide attaches to the protein ______ instead of the heme

57
Q

________ means transporting carbon monoxide

A

carboxyhemoglobin

58
Q

When transporting carboxyhemoglobin, there is no room for ______ which leads to death

59
Q

_______ gives blood its red pigment

60
Q

__________ is the process of producing new red blood cells

A

Erythropoiesis

61
Q

After coming from a myeloid cell, and before becoming an erythrocyte, a call must become a ___________ first.

A

reticulocyte

62
Q

___________: the stage before becoming an erythrocyte

A

reticulocyte

63
Q

___________ happens when there is too any reticulocytes in the blood because the blood is losing red blood cells and is trying to make more.

A

Reticulocytosis

64
Q

_____ ________ levels sense and stimulate RBC production

A

Low oxygen

65
Q

the hormone _______ stimulates erythropoiesis

A

erythropoietin

66
Q

________ is an abnormal break down of blood

67
Q

________ anemia is anemia from hemolysis

68
Q

_______cell anemia is a mutation in hemoglobin, sickle cell in shape and has less room for oxygen transport

69
Q

_________ _____ cells possess nucleus, no hemoglobin, and protect against micro organisms and remove dead cells and debris

A

white blood

70
Q

__________ movement is how WBC move, and it is directed movement using pseudopods

71
Q

_________ is the process of cells morphing to fit into the endothelial of cell capilaries

A

Diapedesis

72
Q

_______ is the attraction toward foreign material and dead cells

A

chemotaxis

73
Q

Granulocytes mean granules lack in cytoplasm (T/F)

74
Q

_______ are most prevalent WBC and fight inflammatory responses and are FIRST responders at sight of injury. They are phagocytic and secrete lysosomes

A

Neutrophils

75
Q

________ fight parasites, are less common, and most prevalent in calming an allergic reaction

A

eosinophils

76
Q

_______ are inflammatory responses to allergies

77
Q

_______ include T and B Calls and fight bacteria and viral infections in the body

A

Lymphocytes

78
Q

_______ are macrophages that eat bacteria

79
Q

________ is the cessation of blood loss

A

Hemostasis

80
Q

The three steps in Hemostasis

A
  1. Vascular Spasm
  2. Platelet Plug formation
  3. Coagulation
81
Q

Vascular spam includes _______ of damaged blood vessels

A

vasoconstriction

82
Q

Platelet Plug formation is a temporary plug that involves 3 steps…

A
  1. Platelet Adhesion
  2. Platelet Release Reaction (chemically activated/positive feedback)
  3. Platelet aggregation (where fibrinogen turns to fibrin)
83
Q

Clot formation/Coagulation includes two pathways that merge into one, what are they?

A

Extrinsic and Intrinsic pathways merge to be one common pathway

84
Q

Extrinsic pathways are on the outside of the blood stream and begin at _________ tissue

85
Q

Intrinsic Pathways are chemical pathways that begin _______ of the blood stream

86
Q

_________ is the enzyme that activates the change of prothrombin to thrombin

A

Prothombinase

87
Q

_________ is the breaking of fibrin, the dissolving of a blood clot

A

Fibrinolysis

88
Q

actin and myosin act in _________

A

contraction

89
Q

______ is a blood clot in the bloodvessels

90
Q

A free floating blood clot is an ________

91
Q

Clot formation can be controlled by _________ that prevents clotting factors

A

anticoagulants

92
Q

______ is the name tag for the blood

93
Q

positive Rh if Rh is absent (T/F)

94
Q

the _______ are opposite of your receiving blood type

A

antibodies

95
Q

________ is the binding of red blood cells to antibodies

A

agglutination

96
Q

______ is binding of fiber and platelets

97
Q

Antibodies attack the ______ that the blood type does not have

98
Q

________ disease of a new born is when the RBC’s rupture when mother and baby have a different Rh and then the mother’s RBC antibodies produce antigens against the baby’s Rh.

A

Hemolytic

(rhoGam injection stops this)

99
Q

Where there is clumping, there are ________

100
Q

What is hematocrit measurement

A

RBCs/total blood volume (%)

Biol 215 (3 decks)

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