Cardio Session 1 Flashcards
What is hemodynamic congestion?
State of volume overload resulting in increased left ventricular filling pressure
3 signs of acute heart failure syndromes?
Dyspnea
Rales
Peripheral edema
Reason for hospitalization of the majority of acute heart failure syndromes?
Volume overload
What is clinical congestion?
Constellation of signs and symptoms that result from increased left ventricular filling pressure
Signs of cardiopulmonary congestion? 5
- Respiratory distress
- 3rd heart sound
- Rales
- Interstitial/alveolar edema
- Chest x-ray findings
Signs of systemic congestion? (2)
- Jugular venous distension
2. Peripheral edema
Combination of hemodynamic congestion signs (pulmonary congestion, X-rays, rales, edema, elevated JVP) had what rate of sensitivity in detecting patients with an elevated PCWP?
58%
What sign of clinical congestion would you expect to see first?
Along with what hemodynamic change?
Increase in right sided pressure –> Pulmonary congestion –> Jugular venous distension
Major criteria of CHF? (9)
- Othopnea
- Neck vein distension
- Rales
- Cardiomegaly
- Acute pulmonary edema
- S3
- Increased venous pressure > 16 cm
- Circulation time > 25 secs
- Hepatojugular reflex
Minor criteria of CHF? (7)
- Ankle edema
- Night cough
- dyspena on exertion
- Hepatosplenomegaly
- Pleural effusion
- Vital capacity increased 1/3 from maximum
- Tachycardia
Two categories of heart failure?
Reduced systolic function (Systolic heart failure)
Preserved systolic function (Diastolic heart failure)
Preserved systolic function demographics Age Sex Risk factor MI history Drugs: Hospital mortality
Older Women HTN Less likely to have MI Less likely to be on ACE inhibitor Lower hospital mortality
Most powerful predictor of mortality in HF overall?
- BUN > 37
2. Systolic BP <125
