Cardio- Respiritory System Flashcards
Trachea
Carries air from mouth and nose to the lungs
Bronchi
Carries air from trachea to lungs
Bronchioles
Carry air from bronchi to alveoli
Lungs
Large, spongy organs optimised for gas exchange between our blood and the air
Alveoli
Tiny air sacs in the lungs which allow for rapid gaseous exchange
Haemoglobin
Rig pigment found in red blood cells
Oxyhaemoglobin
Formed when oxygen combines with haemoglobin
Inspiration
Diaphragm contracts/flattens, increases chest cavity, intercostal muscles contract causing ribs to move up, reduces pressure in chest cavity
During exercise: assisted by pectorals and sternocleidomastoid muscles
Expiration
Diaphragm relaxes/return to dome shape, intercostal muscles relax causing ribs to move down, chest volume decreases, increases pressure in lungs
During exercise: assisted by abdominal muscles
Tidal volume
The volume of air breathed in or out during a normal breath at rest
Expiratory reserve volume
Additional air that is forcibly exhaled after a normal breath out
Inspiratory reserve volume
Additional air forcible inhaled after a normal breath in
Residual volume
Volume of air that remain in lungs after maximal expiration
Artery
Blood vessel carrying oxygenated blood away from the heart
Vein
Blood vessel carrying deoxygenated blood towards the heart
Capillaries
Very thin blood vessels that allow gas exchange to happen
Atria
Upper chambers of the heart that collect blood from veins
Ventricles
Lower chambers of the heart which pump blood out of the heart to arteries
Cardiac cycle
Sequence of events which happen when the heart beats
Systole
The contraction phase of the cardiac cycle
Diastole
The relaxation phase of the cardiac cycle
Cardiac output
Heart rate x stroke volume
