Cardio, Respiritory, Muscluar Systems

Question 1

Short term effects on the respiratory system

Answer 1

• Your breathing rate increases to increase your oxygen intake
• You will breath more deeply then normal, meaning you will take in more oxygen with each breath.
• When you are working anaerobically (without oxygen) your breathing rate will remain high until you have taken enough oxygen to pay your oxygen debt
• Both your tidal and minute Volume will increase

Question 2

Short term effects on the cardiovascular system

Answer 2

• Heart rate increases, increasing the amount of blood supplied to the muscles
• Your blood carries the oxygen required to supply the energy
• Your heart will contract more strongly ( stroke volume increases) to lump more blood around the body. This increases your blood pressure
• Your heart rate will remain higher than normal until the oxygen debt is paid off
• Your Cardic output and stroke volume increases
• heart rate x stroke volume = Cardic output

Question 2

Short term effects of the muscular system

Answer 2

• when you start to exercise, your muscles will contract
• as you exercise, the temperature of you muscles rises
• your muscles work harder so they need more energy
• if your body cannot keep up with the oxygen demands, your muscles will respire anaerobically and produce lactic acid. If you use your muscles like this for long, they feel tired. This is muscle fatigue
• your body can normally exercise anaerobically for a maximum of about 2 minutes peaking around 1 minute. The fitter you are they slower the onset of lactic acid.

Question 4

Key terms (respiratory)

Answer 4

• Respiratory rate: is the number of breaths taken in within a set amount of time, typically 60 seconds
• Tidal volume (TV): the volume of air, either inspired or expired in one breath. This will increase during exercise
• Minute volume: the amount of air inhaled during 1 minute

Question 5

Key terms (cardiovascular)

Answer 5

• Heart rate: number of heart beats per minute
• Cardic output: volume of blood per minute
• Blood shunting/vascular shunting: when you start exercising, blood is redistributed around the body to increase the supply of oxygen to your muscles

Question 6

What happens to your body?

Answer 6

• your muscles start to produce more co2 and need more o2
• you start to breath more deeply and quickly
• your heart beats faster to circulate more oxygenated blood
• your arteries widen to stop your blood pressure getting too high
• blood that would normally go to organs like the gut and liver is shunted to the muscles
• as your muscles work, they generate heat which warms the blood.
• blood is shunted closer to your skin, so the heat can escape through radiation
• you will therefore start to sweat which will help to cool you down.

Question 7

RECAP: short term effects

Answer 7

Respiratory:
   -breathing rate increases
   -tidal volume increases
   -minute volume increases
Cardiovascular:
   -heart rate increases
   -Cardic output increases
   -stroke volume increases
Muscular:
   -Increases temperature of muscles
   -muscle tiredness/fatigue

Question 8

Long term effects of exercise

Answer 8

Cardiovascular:
   -heart gets bigger
   -stroke volume increases
   -resting heart rate decreases
   -decreases blood pressure
Muscular:
   -muscles get bigger and stronger (hypertrophy)
   -delays onset of lactic acid
Respiratory:
   -chest cavity gets bigger