Cardio-Respiratory System

Question 1

How are alveoli adapted for gaseous exchange?

Answer 1

• Large surface area
• Thin walls which are one cell thick
• There are only very short distances for gases to travel

Question 2

What is diffusion?

Answer 2

Net movement of particles from a high to low concentration (down a concentration gradient)

Question 3

What is the process of gaseous exchange?

Answer 3

• The air that is breathed in passes through the alveoli and into the red blood cells in the capillaries
• Oxygen combines with haemoglobin to form oxyhaemoglobin
• An enzyme in the blood breaks down CO2 and turns it into a gas
• The CO2 gas passes through the alveoli and into the red blood cells

Question 4

What is inspiration?

Answer 4

When air is taken in, the chest expands and the diaphragm contracts

Question 5

What is expiration?

Answer 5

When air is released from the lungs, the chest contracts and the diaphragm relaxes

Question 6

What is tidal volume?

Answer 6

Volume of air inspired or expired in each breath

Question 7

What is inspiratory reserve volume?

Answer 7

Volume of air that can be taken in after tidal volume

Question 8

What is expiratory reserve volume?

Answer 8

Volume of air that can be breathed out after tidal volume

Question 9

What is residual volume?

Answer 9

The amount of air left in the lungs after maximal respiration

Question 10

What is vasodilation?

Answer 10

Widening of a blood vessel to increase blood flow

Question 11

What is vasoconstriction?

Answer 11

Narrowing of a blood vessel to decrease blood flow

Question 12

What are arteries?

Answer 12

Type of blood vessel that carries blood away from the heart

Question 13

What are veins?

Answer 13

Type of blood vessel that carries deoxygenated blood back to the heart

Question 14

What is cardiac output?

Answer 14

Stoke volume x heart rate

Question 15

How do you calculate maximal heart rate?

Answer 15

220 - age

Question 16

What are capillaries?

Answer 16

Type of blood vessel that allow CO2, oxygen and waste products pass through their very thin walls

Question 17

What are the upper chambers of the heart called?

Answer 17

The left and right atrium

Question 18

What are the lower chambers of the heart called?

Answer 18

The left and right ventricle

Question 19

What is the aorta?

Answer 19

The part at the top of the heart that has 3 parts coming off it

Question 20

What is the vena cava?

Answer 20

The large tube next to the aorta

Question 21

What are the stages of the cardiac cycle?

Answer 21

• Deoxygenated blood enters the right atrium and is then pumped into the right ventricle through the bicuspid valve
• The right ventricle pumps the blood through the pulmonary artery into the lungs where oxygen is picked up and carbon dioxide is deposited
• From the lungs the blood is pumped into the left atrium through the pulmonary valve
• The left atrium then pumps the blood into the left ventricle and the blood leaves the heart through the aorta and is distributed to the rest of the body