Cardio-Respiratory System Flashcards
Three Blood Vessels
- Arteries
- Veins
- Capillaries
Arteries
Carry blood away from the heart
Veins
Carry blood back to the heart
Capillaries
Site of where exchange of gases between cells and blood takes place
Four components of blood
- Plasma
- Red blood cells
- White blood cells
- Platelets
Plasma
Provides cells with proteins, salts, glucose, fats, antibodies and oxygen
Red Blood Cells
Transport O2 and CO2 from cells and muscles
White Blood Cells
Pass through capillary walls into the body cells to fight disease
Platelets
Cause blood to clot when a blood vessel is damaged
Heart Rate (HR)
The number of times the heart contracts per minute (bpm)
Stroke Volume (SV)
Amount of blood ejected from the left ventricle with each heart beat (mL/ beat)
Cardiac Output
Amount of blood ejected from left ventricle of the heart per minute (L/min)
Cardiac Output Equation
HR x SV = Q
Resting HR
60-80 BPM
Exercise HR
120-160 BPM
Maximal HR
220 - your age
Systematic Circultion
When oxygenated blood is transported away from the heart via the left ventricle and aorta and circulated into the arteries around the body , and deoxygenated blood returns to the heart via the vena cave and into the right atrium
Pulmonary Circulation
When deoxygenated blood is transported away from the heart and circulated to the lungs via the right ventricle and pulmonary artery, and oxygenated blood returns to the heart via the pulmonary vein and into the left atrium
Haemoglobin
Protein found in red blood cells that transfers oxygen in your blood from lungs to tissue
High Haemoglobin Advantages for Athletes
For an endurance athlete higher haemoglobin levels increase the bloods ability to carry oxygen enabling more O2 to be available to resynthesise ATP allowing athlete to run faster for longer
Homeostasis
A constant internal environment for optimal functioning of the body and its systems
Vasoconstriction
When the body is too cold and there is need for heat retention, the cardiovascular system will restrict blood flow to the skin and redirect it to the internal organd decreasing heat loss
Vasodilation
A process whereby blood vessels increase their diamater causing an increase in blood flow
A-VO2 Difference
- Arterio-venous oxygen difference
- The difference in the oxygen content of the blood in the arteries and veins
- How much oxygen the muscle has used
