cardio/respiratory system

Question 1

What is is cardio vascular system composed of?

Answer 1

Heart, blood vessels, blood

Question 2

what are the functions of the cardiovascular system?

Answer 2

1- Delivery of O2, fuel, and nutrients to the tissues of the body
2- Removal of CO2 and waste products from the tissues
3- Maintenance of a constant body temperature (thermoregulation)
4- Prevention of infection (immune function)

Question 3

what is the role of the myocardium?

Answer 3

specialized muscle tissue that is responsible for the form of the heart.

Question 4

what does the pericardium do?

Answer 4

tough protective sac that surrounds the heart. pericardium allows the heart to expand and contract

Question 5

how many chamber make up the heart?

Answer 5

4, 2 atria and 2 ventricles

Question 6

what side of the heart pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs

Answer 6

the right side

Question 7

role of left side of the heart

Answer 7

Pumps oxygenated blood throughout the body

Question 8

Role of SA node?

Answer 8

where electrical signal is initiated

Question 9

Role of AV node

Answer 9

passes electrical signal fro atria to ventrical

Question 10

what are the electrical fibers at the bottom of the heart?

Answer 10

Purkinje fibres

Question 11

role of Purkinje fibres?

Answer 11

Purkinje fibres pass electrical signal to the myocardium

Question 12

what is an electrocardiogram?

Answer 12

Graphical representation of electrical sequence of events occurring with each contraction of the heart

Question 13

what is the P wave?

Answer 13

represents depolarization through the atria

Question 14

what is the QRS complex?

Answer 14

represents depolarization of the ventricle

Question 15

What is the t wave?

Answer 15

represents repolarization of the ventricle

Question 16

what is the Cardiac cycle?

Answer 16

series of events occurring through one heartbeat
Involves two phases:

Question 17

what happens during the Diastole phase?

Answer 17

Heart relaxes and fills with blood

Question 18

What happens during the Systole phase?

Answer 18

Heart contracts and ejects blood

Question 19

what is the vascular system

Answer 19

A network of vessels that transport blood throughout the body; vessels divided into four main categories:

Question 20

role of arteries?

Answer 20

carry blood away from the heart to different organs

Question 21

role of Capillaries

Answer 21

responsible for the exchange of gases and nutrients with the tissues

Question 22

role of Veins

Answer 22

return blood to the heart

Question 23

what is the skeletal muscle pump?

Answer 23

Upon contraction of skeletal muscle, blood is pushed/
massaged back to the heart

Question 24

what is the thoracic pump?

Answer 24

-Pressure in veins (in the chest) decrease while pressure in veins (in the abdominal cavity) increase upon intake of breath
-Difference in pressure pushes blood from veins in the abdominal cavity into veins in the thoracic cavity

Question 25

what is the nervous system:

Answer 25

-Sends a signal to veins -Veins constrict allowing more blood back to the heart

Question 26

what are the properties of blood?

Answer 26

-plasma -red blood cells -white blood cells -platelets

Question 27

Heart Rate

Answer 27

duration of each cardiac cycle

Question 28

Stroke volume(SV)

Answer 28

volume of blood ejected by ventricles

Question 29

Cardiac output (Q) formula

Answer 29

HR x SV = Q

Question 30

Frank-Starling Law

Answer 30

Ability of the heart to stretch and increase the force of contraction

Question 31

Ejection fraction

Answer 31

Measure of stroke volume calculated by use of a formula

Question 32

blood pressure

Answer 32

is the force exerted by the blood against the walls of the arteries

Question 33

how to measure blood pressure

Answer 33

Measuring blood pressure: systolic pressure over diastolic pressure

Question 34

what is a normal blood pressure?

Answer 34

Normal blood pressure (BP): 120mmHg over 80mmHg

Question 35

Hypertension

Answer 35

BP greater than 140mmHg over 90mmHg

Question 36

what factors affect BP?

Answer 36

-Diet -Aerobic exercise

Question 37

functions of respiratory system

Answer 37

-Supply O2 to the blood -Remove CO2 from the blood -Regulate blood pH (acid-base balance)

Question 38

what two zones make up the respiratory system

Answer 38

-Conductive zone -Respiratory zone

Question 39

The conductive zone is composed of structures that transport air to the lungs

Answer 39

-Mouth and nose -Larynx -Trachea -Primary and secondary bronchi -Tertiary and terminal bronchioles Filters air taken in with each breath

Question 40

The respiratory zone is composed of structures involved with the exchange of gases

Answer 40

-Respiratory bronchioles -Alveolar ducts -Alveolar sacs

Question 41

process of Inspiration

Answer 41

-Contraction of diaphragm -Thoracic cavity expands -Air pressure in thoracic cavity is lower than air pressure outside the body -Air rushes in to lungs to restore balance -Lung pressure = atmospheric pressure

Question 42

Process of Expiration

Answer 42

-Alveolar sacs recoil as diaphragm relaxes -Air is expelled -Thoracic cavity reduces -Lung pressure>atmospheric pressure

Question 43

Ventilation (VE)

Answer 43

the volume of air moved by the lungs in 1 minute

Question 44

Ventilation (VE) is Influenced by two factors:

Answer 44

Tidal volume (VT) -Volume of air in each breath -Average rest 0.5L/br, up to 3 or 4 L/br Respiratory frequency (f) -Number of breaths taken per minute

Question 45

where are the Respiratory control centres?

Answer 45

found within brain stem (under autonomic nervous control i.e. not conscious:

Question 46

function os Medulla oblongata

Answer 46

Inspiratory centre -15-20 breaths per minute at rest, up to 40 breaths with exercise. - Result, Ve=100 to 200L per minute with exercise Expiratory centre: Two main functions: -Ensure the inspiratory muscles never completely relax -Stimulate forceful expiration when required (during exercise)

Question 47

what are Static lung volumes?

Answer 47

Determined by the actual structure of the lung

Question 48

what is Diffusion?

Answer 48

Diffusion is the movement of a gas, liquid, or solid from a region of high concentration to low concentration Can only occur if a difference in concentration exists Concentration gradient

Question 49

how is O2 transported

Answer 49

O2 dissolved within the plasma Represents 2% of O2 found in the blood Binds to hemoglobin (98%)

Question 50

how is CO2 transported

Answer 50

Trace amounts of CO2 dissolved within the plasma (5-10%) Binds to hemoglobin (20%) Bicarbonate system (70-75%)

Question 51

charictaristics of athsma

Answer 51

1-Spasm of smooth muscle lining the respiratory system 2- Oversecretion of mucous 3- Swelling of cells lining the respiratory tract

Question 52

results of athsma

Answer 52

-Dyspnea (shortness of breath) -Wheezing during breathing

Question 53

what are factors that stimulate attacks:

Answer 53

1-Exercise 2-Allergic reactions/contaminates 3-Stress