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Kin > cardio/respiratory system > Flashcards

cardio/respiratory system Flashcards

1
Q

What is is cardio vascular system composed of?

A

Heart, blood vessels, blood

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2
Q

what are the functions of the cardiovascular system?

A

1- Delivery of O2, fuel, and nutrients to the tissues of the body
2- Removal of CO2 and waste products from the tissues
3- Maintenance of a constant body temperature (thermoregulation)
4- Prevention of infection (immune function)

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3
Q

what is the role of the myocardium?

A

specialized muscle tissue that is responsible for the form of the heart.

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4
Q

what does the pericardium do?

A

tough protective sac that surrounds the heart. pericardium allows the heart to expand and contract

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5
Q

how many chamber make up the heart?

A

4, 2 atria and 2 ventricles

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6
Q

what side of the heart pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs

A

the right side

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7
Q

role of left side of the heart

A

Pumps oxygenated blood throughout the body

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8
Q

Role of SA node?

A

where electrical signal is initiated

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9
Q

Role of AV node

A

passes electrical signal fro atria to ventrical

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10
Q

what are the electrical fibers at the bottom of the heart?

A

Purkinje fibres

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11
Q

role of Purkinje fibres?

A

Purkinje fibres pass electrical signal to the myocardium

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12
Q

what is an electrocardiogram?

A

Graphical representation of electrical sequence of events occurring with each contraction of the heart

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13
Q

what is the P wave?

A

represents depolarization through the atria

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14
Q

what is the QRS complex?

A

represents depolarization of the ventricle

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15
Q

What is the t wave?

A

represents repolarization of the ventricle

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16
Q

what is the Cardiac cycle?

A

series of events occurring through one heartbeat
Involves two phases:

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17
Q

what happens during the Diastole phase?

A

Heart relaxes and fills with blood

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18
Q

What happens during the Systole phase?

A

Heart contracts and ejects blood

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19
Q

what is the vascular system

A

A network of vessels that transport blood throughout the body; vessels divided into four main categories:

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20
Q

role of arteries?

A

carry blood away from the heart to different organs

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21
Q

role of Capillaries

A

responsible for the exchange of gases and nutrients with the tissues

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22
Q

role of Veins

A

return blood to the heart

23
Q

what is the skeletal muscle pump?

A

Upon contraction of skeletal muscle, blood is pushed/
massaged back to the heart

24
Q

what is the thoracic pump?

A

-Pressure in veins (in the chest) decrease while pressure in veins (in the abdominal cavity) increase upon intake of breath
-Difference in pressure pushes blood from veins in the abdominal cavity into veins in the thoracic cavity

25
Q

what is the nervous system:

A

-Sends a signal to veins
-Veins constrict allowing more blood back to the heart

26
Q

what are the properties of blood?

A

-plasma
-red blood cells
-white blood cells
-platelets

27
Q

Heart Rate

A

duration of each cardiac cycle

28
Q

Stroke volume(SV)

A

volume of blood ejected by ventricles

29
Q

Cardiac output (Q) formula

A

HR x SV = Q

30
Q

Frank-Starling Law

A

Ability of the heart to stretch and increase the force of contraction

31
Q

Ejection fraction

A

Measure of stroke volume calculated by use of a formula

32
Q

blood pressure

A

is the force exerted by the blood against the walls of the arteries

33
Q

how to measure blood pressure

A

Measuring blood pressure: systolic pressure over diastolic pressure

34
Q

what is a normal blood pressure?

A

Normal blood pressure (BP): 120mmHg over 80mmHg

35
Q

Hypertension

A

BP greater than
140mmHg over 90mmHg

36
Q

what factors affect BP?

A

-Diet
-Aerobic exercise

37
Q

functions of respiratory system

A

-Supply O2 to the blood
-Remove CO2 from the blood
-Regulate blood pH (acid-base balance)

38
Q

what two zones make up the respiratory system

A

-Conductive zone
-Respiratory zone

39
Q

The conductive zone is composed of structures that transport air to the lungs

A

-Mouth and nose
-Larynx
-Trachea
-Primary and secondary bronchi
-Tertiary and terminal bronchioles

Filters air taken in with each breath

40
Q

The respiratory zone is composed of structures involved with the exchange of gases

A

-Respiratory bronchioles
-Alveolar ducts
-Alveolar sacs

41
Q

process of Inspiration

A

-Contraction of diaphragm
-Thoracic cavity expands
-Air pressure in thoracic cavity is lower than air pressure outside the body
-Air rushes in to lungs to restore balance
-Lung pressure = atmospheric pressure

42
Q

Process of Expiration

A

-Alveolar sacs recoil as diaphragm relaxes
-Air is expelled
-Thoracic cavity reduces
-Lung pressure>atmospheric pressure

43
Q

Ventilation (VE)

A

the volume
of air moved by the lungs in 1 minute

44
Q

Ventilation (VE) is Influenced by two factors:

A

Tidal volume (VT)
-Volume of air in each breath
-Average rest 0.5L/br, up to 3 or 4 L/br

Respiratory frequency (f)
-Number of breaths taken per minute

45
Q

where are the Respiratory control centres?

A

found within brain stem (under autonomic nervous control i.e. not conscious:

46
Q

function os Medulla oblongata

A

Inspiratory centre
-15-20 breaths per minute at rest, up to 40 breaths with exercise.
- Result, Ve=100 to 200L per minute with exercise

Expiratory centre:
Two main functions:
-Ensure the inspiratory muscles never completely relax
-Stimulate forceful expiration when required (during exercise)

47
Q

what are Static lung volumes?

A

Determined by the actual structure of the lung

48
Q

what is Diffusion?

A

Diffusion is the movement of a gas, liquid, or solid from a region of high concentration to low concentration

Can only occur if a difference in concentration exists

Concentration gradient

49
Q

how is O2 transported

A

O2 dissolved within the plasma

Represents 2% of O2 found in the blood

Binds to hemoglobin (98%)

50
Q

how is CO2 transported

A

Trace amounts of CO2 dissolved within the plasma (5-10%)

Binds to hemoglobin (20%)

Bicarbonate system (70-75%)

51
Q

charictaristics of athsma

A

1-Spasm of smooth muscle lining the respiratory system
2- Oversecretion of mucous
3- Swelling of cells lining the respiratory tract

52
Q

results of athsma

A

-Dyspnea (shortness of breath)
-Wheezing during breathing

53
Q

what are factors that stimulate attacks:

A

1-Exercise
2-Allergic reactions/contaminates
3-Stress

54
Q
A

Kin (3 decks)

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