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AQA GCSE PE Paper 1 > Cardio-respiratory system > Flashcards

Cardio-respiratory system Flashcards

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1
Q

Identify the 5 locations involved in the Pathway of Air (- Never Make Tracey Buy Little Blueberries After-all)

A
  1. Nose/ Mouth
  2. Trachea
  3. Bronchi
  4. Lungs
  5. Bronchioles
  6. Alveoli
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2
Q

Where does Gaseous Exchange take place?

A

Alveoli

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3
Q

What features of the alveoli assist Gaseous Exchange?

A
  • Large surface area
  • Moist, thin walls (one cell thick). Promoting quick diffusion
  • Lots of capillaries
  • Large blood supply
  • Movement of gas from a low concentration to a high concentration (concentration gradient)
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4
Q

Name the 3 main blood vessels

A
  1. Veins
  2. Arteries
  3. Capillaries
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5
Q

Name the largest artery in the body and describe it’s function

A

Aorta - transports oxygenated blood away from the heart to the rest of the body

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6
Q

Where do we find valves? What are their function?

A

Veins - prevent the back flow of blood

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7
Q

Function of capillaries

A
  • Deliver nutrients e.g glucose

- Remove waste products e.g carbon dioxide

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8
Q

Structure of capillaries

A
  • Thin, one cell thick
  • Narrow, only allows one red blood cell through at a time
  • Connect arteries to veins
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9
Q

Structure of an artery

A
  • Thick
  • Very elastic
  • Small arteries are called arterioles
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10
Q

Function of an artery

A

Carries oxygenated blood away from the heart at high pressure

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11
Q

Structure of veins

A
  • Thin
  • Non-elastic
  • Contains pocket valves
    (- Small veins are called venules)
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12
Q

Function of veins

A
  • Carries blood at low pressure
  • Carries blood towards the heart
  • Carries deoxygenated blood
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13
Q

Redistribution of blood during exercise is called… ?

A

Vascular Shunt

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14
Q

Name the two mechanisms used to control the redistribution of blood

A

Vasoconstriction and Vasodilation

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15
Q

What is Vasodilation?

A

The expanding of the blood vessels to distribute the blood to the areas of the body that need it the most.

E.g. When running, the blood vessels that access the muscles in the legs expand to allow more oxygenated blood to reach the working muscles. Consequently, the muscles can work for a longer period of time.

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16
Q

What is Vasoconstriction?

A

The narrowing of the blood vessels to redistribute the oxygenated blood to the working muscles elsewhere in the body.

E.g. When running, the blood vessels in the arms will narrow to allow the oxygenated blood to be redistributed to the working muscles in the legs.

17
Q

Name the 4 chambers of the heart and identify what type of blood they use

A

Right Atrium - Receives de-oxygenated blood
Right Ventricle - Contains de-oxygenated blood
Left Atrium - Receives oxygenated blood from the lungs
Left Ventricle - Contains oxygenated blood

18
Q

Name the 4 main blood vessels in the heart

A
  1. Pulmonary Artery
  2. Aorta
  3. Vena Cava
  4. Pulmonary Vein
19
Q

Function of the Pulmonary Artery

A

Carry deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs

20
Q

Function of the Aorta

A

Carries oxygenated blood under high pressure from the heart to the body

21
Q

Function of the Vena Cava

A

Returns deoxygenated blood to the heart

22
Q

Function of the Pulmonary Vein

A

Returns oxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs in order to be pumped to the rest of the body

23
Q

Name the 2 stages to a heart beat

A
  1. Diastole

2. Systole

24
Q

What happens during Diastole?

A

The heart fills with blood; it is relaxing

25
Q

What happens during Systole?

A

The heart is empties; it is contracting

26
Q

Mechanics of breathing - Inspiration

A
  1. Intercostals contract - lifting the ribcage up and out (causing the chest to expand).
  2. Diaphragm contracts - pulls the floor of the rib cage down and flattens it
  3. Lungs increase in size (chest is expanding).
  4. Pressure inside of the lungs falls as they expand. (Because the higher pressure is outside of the lungs, air is sucked in via the nose and mouth).
27
Q

Mechanics of breathing - Expiration

A
  1. Intercostals relax - ribs move down and in (chest decreases in size).
  2. Diaphragm relaxes (pushed back into the dome shape).
  3. Lungs decrease in size - diaphragm and intercostals are ‘squeezing’ the air out (chest decreases in size).
  4. Pressure inside of the lungs increases. (Because the pressure outside of the lungs is now lower, air is forces out via the nose and mouth).
28
Q

Define Tidal Volume

A

The normal volume of air inspired and expired per breath.

29
Q

What happens to tidal volume during exercise?

A

It increases

30
Q

Define Inspiratory Reserve Volume

A

The volume that can be forcibly inspired during normal breathing

31
Q

What happens to Inspiratory Reserve Volume during exercise?

A

It decreases

32
Q

Define Expiratory Reserve Volume

A

The volume of air that can be forcibly expired after a normal breath.

33
Q

Define Residual Volume

A

The volume of air left in the lungs after maximum expiration

34
Q

What happens to Residual Volume during exercise?

A

It stays the same

35
Q

What happens to Expiratory Reserve Volume during exercise?

A

It decreases (slightly).

36
Q

What muscles allow the lungs to expand more during exercise (inspiration)

A

Pectorals and Sternocleidomastoid (neck)

AQA GCSE PE Paper 1 (9 decks)

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