Cardio & Resp Anatomy

Question 1

what is the vagus nerve medial to?

Answer 1

the phrenic nerve

Question 2

where does the tricuspid valve sit?

Answer 2

deep to the coronary groove which contains the right coronary artery

Question 3

what does the anterior interventricular groove mark?

Answer 3

the boundary between the 2 ventricles, and contains the LAD brach of the Left coronary artery

Question 4

what sits in the posterior interventricular groove

Answer 4

posterior interventricular artery which is a branch of the RCA

Question 5

what are the two main branches of the RCA?

Answer 5

right marginal artery and the posterior interventricular artery

Question 6

Where is the LCA found?

Answer 6

left atrioventricular groove

Question 7

clinical significance of the left circumflex artery?

Answer 7

Supplies blood to the left atrium and lateral wall of the left ventricle. Occlusion can lead to conditions like left ventricular dysfunction and arrhythmias

Question 8

clinical significance of the LAD

Answer 8

occlusion can lead to severe myocardial infarction affecting a large portion of the left ventricle

Question 9

clinical significance of the left marginal coronary artery?

Answer 9

Supplies blood to the lateral wall of the left ventricle

Question 10

clinical significance of the lateral/diagonal branches of the LCA

Answer 10

They supply blood to specific regions of the left ventricle. Occlusion can lead to localized myocardial infarctions

Question 11

what are the three openings to the right atrium?

Answer 11

• SVC
• IVC
• Coronary sinus

Question 12

what do the right and left coronary arteries arise from?

Answer 12

aortic sinus of the ascending aorta

Question 13

what is the fossa ovalis?

Answer 13

depression in the right atrium, a remnant of the foramen ovale

Question 14

what is the cristalis terminalis?

Answer 14

represents the boundaries between the smooth and rough parts of the RA

Question 15

where is the SAN?

Answer 15

just below opening for the SVC

Question 16

how are cusps of heart valves connected to the heart wall?

Answer 16

chordae tendinae, which are anchored to papillary muscles

Question 17

where would you place a stethoscope to ascultate each of the heart valves?

Answer 17

Aortic Valve:
Second right intercostal space sternal edge.

Pulmonary Valve:
Second left intercostal space sternal edge.

Tricuspid Valve:
Fourth left intercostal space lower left sternal edge.

Mitral Valve:
Fifth left intercostal space midclavicular line

Question 18

what plane differentiates the superior mediastinum from the inferior mediastinum and where does it lie?

Answer 18

transverse thoracic plane. T4/5 intervertebral level

Question 19

where do vagus nerves pass through

Answer 19

the diaphram with the oesophagus

Question 20

what does the azygous vein drain into?

Answer 20

SVC

Question 21

where do the RCA and LCA branch from?

Answer 21

ascending aorta

Question 22

what is the brachiocephalic trunk?

Answer 22

first branch of the aortic arch and divides into the right subclavian artery and the right common carotid artery

Question 23

what is the left common cartoid artery?

Answer 23

Arises directly from the aortic arch, supplying blood to the left side of the head and neck.

Question 24

what is the left subclavian artery?

Answer 24

Arises directly from the aortic arch, supplying blood to the left arm and parts of the chest and back.

Question 25

what arteries branch from the arch of the aorta?

Answer 25

- brachiocephalic trunk - left common cartoid artery - left subclavian artery

Question 26

where do bilateral posterior intercostal arteries arise?

Answer 26

descending aorta

Question 27

what is the venous angle?

Answer 27

the junction between the subclavian and internal jugular veins

Question 28

lymph nodes on the mandible

Answer 28

submandibular, submental

Question 29

what is lymph node at base of skull

Answer 29

occipital

Question 30

where is the left venous angle located?

Answer 30

left sternoclavicular joint

Question 31

where do the vagus and phrenic nerves lie in relation to the lung roots?

Answer 31

Vagus = posterior phrenic = anterior

Question 32

function of the reccurent laryngeal nerve?

Answer 32

voice production and swallowing

Question 33

what do the left and right reccurent laryngeal nerves hook under and do they enter the chest?

Answer 33

Right = right subclavian artery left = arch of the aorta | NO they do not enter the chest

Question 34

Can lymph from the inferior lobe of the left lung drain into the right lymphatic duct.

Answer 34

yes

Question 35

Where is the stethoscope placed to ascultate different parts of the lungs?

Answer 35

For middle lobe of right lung, place stethoscope between ribs 4 and 6 in mid-clavicular and mid-axillary lines. For lung bases, auscultate posteriorly, in the scapular line at T11 vertebral level.

Question 36

Position of lung fissures

Answer 36

Horizontal fissure of right lung is at the level of rib 4. Oblique fissures of left and right lungs are at the level of rib 6 anteriorly, rising to the level of T3 posteriorly.

Question 37

Where does the larynx become the trachea?

Answer 37

C6 level

Question 38

what is the arterial supply of the intercostal spaces?

Answer 38

Anterior intercostal arteries – branch from internal thoracic artery. Posterior intercostal arteries – branch from the thoracic aorta.

Question 39

what is the venous drainage of the intercostal spaces?

Answer 39

Anterior intercostal veins – drain into internal thoracic veins. Posterior intercostal veins – drain into azygous vein.

Question 40

what is the structure of neurovscular bundels from superior to inferior?

Answer 40

VAN, veins arteries nerves. | superior 4th ICS, 4th ICV

Question 41

what are the openings in the diaphram?

Answer 41

‘I Ate (8) 10 Eggs At 12.’ (I 8= inferior vena cava pierce at T8, 10 Eggs= Esophagus pierces at T10 , At 12 = Aorta pierces at T12)

Question 42

what is the diaphram innervated by and what kind of muscle is it?

Answer 42

phrenic nerve (C3,4,5) | skeletal muscle

Question 43

AMPS is?

Answer 43

Anterior rami = motor, posterior rami = sensory

Question 44

what does the long thoracic nerve supply? | what can paralysis of this result in?

Answer 44

supplies serratus anterior. Paralysis of this nerve results in winged scapula.

Question 45

what is the most inferior part of the pleural cavity?

Answer 45

costodiaphragmatic recess

Question 46

where is the cephalic vein located?

Answer 46

delto-pectoral groove

Question 47

where does the trachea bifurcate?

Answer 47

sternal angle

Question 48

difference between direct inguinal hernia and indirect inguinal hernia

Answer 48

**direct** a bit of peritoneum is forced through the posterior wall of the inguinal canal, and DIRECTLY out of the SUPERFICIAL ring **indirect** a bit of peritoneum is forced through the DEEP, into the inguinal canal, then out of the superficial ring.

Question 49

list the order of the nerves of the superior mediastinum from lateral to medial

Answer 49

-Phrenic -Vagus -Reccurent Laryngeal