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Essential shit > Cardio & Resp Anatomy > Flashcards

Cardio & Resp Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

what is the vagus nerve medial to?

A

the phrenic nerve

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2
Q

where does the tricuspid valve sit?

A

deep to the coronary groove which contains the right coronary artery

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3
Q

what does the anterior interventricular groove mark?

A

the boundary between the 2 ventricles, and contains the LAD brach of the Left coronary artery

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4
Q

what sits in the posterior interventricular groove

A

posterior interventricular artery which is a branch of the RCA

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5
Q

what are the two main branches of the RCA?

A

right marginal artery and the posterior interventricular artery

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6
Q

Where is the LCA found?

A

left atrioventricular groove

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7
Q

clinical significance of the left circumflex artery?

A

Supplies blood to the left atrium and lateral wall of the left ventricle. Occlusion can lead to conditions like left ventricular dysfunction and arrhythmias

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8
Q

clinical significance of the LAD

A

occlusion can lead to severe myocardial infarction affecting a large portion of the left ventricle

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9
Q

clinical significance of the left marginal coronary artery?

A

Supplies blood to the lateral wall of the left ventricle

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10
Q

clinical significance of the lateral/diagonal branches of the LCA

A

They supply blood to specific regions of the left ventricle. Occlusion can lead to localized myocardial infarctions

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11
Q

what are the three openings to the right atrium?

A
  • SVC
  • IVC
  • Coronary sinus
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12
Q

what do the right and left coronary arteries arise from?

A

aortic sinus of the ascending aorta

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13
Q

what is the fossa ovalis?

A

depression in the right atrium, a remnant of the foramen ovale

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14
Q

what is the cristalis terminalis?

A

represents the boundaries between the smooth and rough parts of the RA

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15
Q

where is the SAN?

A

just below opening for the SVC

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16
Q

how are cusps of heart valves connected to the heart wall?

A

chordae tendinae, which are anchored to papillary muscles

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17
Q

where would you place a stethoscope to ascultate each of the heart valves?

A

Aortic Valve:
Second right intercostal space sternal edge.

Pulmonary Valve:
Second left intercostal space sternal edge.

Tricuspid Valve:
Fourth left intercostal space lower left sternal edge.

Mitral Valve:
Fifth left intercostal space midclavicular line

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18
Q

what plane differentiates the superior mediastinum from the inferior mediastinum and where does it lie?

A

transverse thoracic plane. T4/5 intervertebral level

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19
Q

where do vagus nerves pass through

A

the diaphram with the oesophagus

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20
Q

what does the azygous vein drain into?

A

SVC

21
Q

where do the RCA and LCA branch from?

A

ascending aorta

22
Q

what is the brachiocephalic trunk?

A

first branch of the aortic arch and divides into the right subclavian artery and the right common carotid artery

23
Q

what is the left common cartoid artery?

A

Arises directly from the aortic arch, supplying blood to the left side of the head and neck.

24
Q

what is the left subclavian artery?

A

Arises directly from the aortic arch, supplying blood to the left arm and parts of the chest and back.

25
Q

what arteries branch from the arch of the aorta?

A
  • brachiocephalic trunk
  • left common cartoid artery
  • left subclavian artery
26
Q

where do bilateral posterior intercostal arteries arise?

A

descending aorta

27
Q

what is the venous angle?

A

the junction between the subclavian and internal jugular veins

28
Q

lymph nodes on the mandible

A

submandibular, submental

29
Q

what is lymph node at base of skull

A

occipital

30
Q

where is the left venous angle located?

A

left sternoclavicular joint

31
Q

where do the vagus and phrenic nerves lie in relation to the lung roots?

A

Vagus = posterior
phrenic = anterior

32
Q

function of the reccurent laryngeal nerve?

A

voice production and swallowing

33
Q

what do the left and right reccurent laryngeal nerves hook under and do they enter the chest?

A

Right = right subclavian artery
left = arch of the aorta

NO they do not enter the chest

34
Q

Can lymph from the inferior lobe of the left lung drain into the right lymphatic duct.

A

yes

35
Q

Where is the stethoscope placed to ascultate different parts of the lungs?

A

For middle lobe of right lung, place stethoscope between ribs 4 and 6 in mid-clavicular and
mid-axillary lines.
For lung bases, auscultate posteriorly, in the scapular line at T11 vertebral level.

36
Q

Position of lung fissures

A

Horizontal fissure of right lung is at the level of rib 4.
Oblique fissures of left and right lungs are at the level of rib 6 anteriorly, rising to the level
of T3 posteriorly.

37
Q

Where does the larynx become the trachea?

A

C6 level

38
Q

what is the arterial supply of the intercostal spaces?

A

Anterior intercostal arteries – branch from internal thoracic artery.
Posterior intercostal arteries – branch from the thoracic aorta.

39
Q

what is the venous drainage of the intercostal spaces?

A

Anterior intercostal veins – drain into internal thoracic veins.
Posterior intercostal veins – drain into azygous vein.

40
Q

what is the structure of neurovscular bundels from superior to inferior?

A

VAN, veins arteries nerves.

superior 4th ICS, 4th ICV

41
Q

what are the openings in the diaphram?

A

‘I Ate (8) 10 Eggs At 12.’
(I 8= inferior vena cava pierce at T8, 10 Eggs= Esophagus pierces at T10 , At 12 = Aorta pierces at T12)

42
Q

what is the diaphram innervated by and what kind of muscle is it?

A

phrenic nerve (C3,4,5)

skeletal muscle

43
Q

AMPS is?

A

Anterior rami = motor,
posterior rami = sensory

44
Q

what does the long thoracic nerve supply?

what can paralysis of this result in?

A

supplies serratus anterior.
Paralysis of this nerve results in winged scapula.

45
Q

what is the most inferior part of the pleural cavity?

A

costodiaphragmatic recess

46
Q

where is the cephalic vein located?

A

delto-pectoral groove

47
Q

where does the trachea bifurcate?

A

sternal angle

48
Q

difference between direct inguinal hernia and indirect inguinal hernia

A

direct
a bit of peritoneum is forced through the posterior wall of the
inguinal canal, and DIRECTLY out of the SUPERFICIAL ring
indirect
a bit of peritoneum is forced through the DEEP, into the inguinal
canal, then out of the superficial ring.

49
Q

list the order of the nerves of the superior mediastinum from lateral to medial

A

-Phrenic
-Vagus
-Reccurent Laryngeal

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