Cardio Pulm Drug List

Question 1

ACE inhibitors

Answer 1

Enalapril, lisinopril, captopril (-pril)

Impede production of angiotensin II (which stimulates secretion of aldosterone and is a vasoconstrictor) in order to vasodilate and decrease blood volume

Used for hypertension and heart failure

Question 2

Angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs)

Answer 2

• losartan, irbesartan (-sartan)
• impede function of angiotensin II (which vasoconstricts and stimulates secretion of aldosterone)
• specifically block type AT1 angiotensin receptor
• work similarly to ACE inhibitors, but don’t cause coughing side effect

Question 3

Cholinergic Muscarinic Antagonist

Answer 3

• atropine

- blocks cholinergic muscarinic effects of ACh to function as an antiparasympathatic

Question 4

Beta blockers

Answer 4

• metoprolol, atenolol (-olol)
• impede beta-1 mediated SNS effects
• decreases chronotropy (HR) and inotropy
• used as antiarrhythmic and to treat hypertension, angina

Question 5

Type L Ca2+ channel antagonist

Answer 5

• amlodipine
• preferentially blocks type L Ca2+ channels in vascular smooth muscle (which mediate vascular smooth muscle contraction)
• cause vasodilation
• used for hypertension and angina

Question 6

Positive inotropics

Answer 6

• epinephrine, norepinephrine, digoxin
• all three enhance cardiac contractibility
• epi and norepi increase HR

Question 7

Loop diuretic

Answer 7

• furosemide
• impairs Na+, K+, and Cl- reabsorption by kidneys to prevent water retention
• very strong so only used in severe fluid overload (usually start with thiazide diuretic first)

Question 8

Thiazide diuretic

Answer 8

• hyrdochlorothiazide (HCTZ)
• impairs Na+ reabsorption by kidneys
• decreases blood pressure

Question 9

Calcium channel blocker

Answer 9

• verapamil, diltiazem
• blocks type L Ca2+ channels in heart to delay AV nodal conduction
• negative inotrope
• little effect on non-cardiac type L Ca2+ channels

Question 10

Beta-2 Adrenoceptor Agonists

Answer 10

• albuterol, salmeterol
• promote bronchiolar smooth muscle relaxation
• for asthma

Question 11

Fluticasone

Answer 11

• inhaled glucocorticoid receptor agonist

- anti-inflammatory

Question 12

Digoxin

Answer 12

• positive inotropic
• increases Ca2+ levels
• blocks Na+/K+ ATPase (which normally pushes Na+ out of
  cell) –>myoctyes keep more sodium in sarcoplasm–>increased Na+ disrupts gradient that activates NCX (which normally moves Na+ in and Ca2+ out)–>less Ca2+ efflux