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NPTE Prep_Mitch > Cardio Pulm > Flashcards

Cardio Pulm Flashcards

1
Q

Atrial Systole

A

contraction of R and L atria pushing blood into the ventricles

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2
Q

Atrial diastole

A

period between atrial contractions when atria are repoloraizing

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3
Q

Ventricular systole

A

contraction of the ventricles pushing blood into the pulmonary arteries and aorta

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4
Q

Ventricular diastole

A

period between ventricular contractions with ventricles are repolarizing

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5
Q

Preload

A

tension in the wall of the ventricles at the end of diastole. it reflects the venous filling pressure that fill left ventricle during diastole

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6
Q

Afterload

A

the forces that impede to flow of blood out of the heart (pressure in peripheral vascular system, compliance of the aorta, mass and viscosity of blood)

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7
Q

Stoke volume

A

amt of blood ejected by each contraction of the left ventricle (60-80ml normal)

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8
Q

Cardiac output

A

amt of blood pumped from R or L ventricle per minute. CO =SV *HR
Normal male=4.5-5 L/min
up to 25L/min during exercise

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9
Q

Neutrophils

A

fight against infectionby ingesting bacteria and debris

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10
Q

Lymphocytes (3 types)

A

T and natural killer: protect against viral infection

B lymphocytes: develop into cells that protect against antibodies

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11
Q

Monocytes

A

ingest dead of damaged cells and help defend against infection organisms

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12
Q

Eosinophils

A

kill parasites, destroy cancer cells, involved in allergic response

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13
Q

Basophils

A

participate in allergic response

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14
Q

Polycythemia

A

too many RBC leading to thick blood and increasing risk of stroke and MI

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15
Q

Anemia

A

low RBC count&raquo_space;> fatigue and weakness

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16
Q

Thrombocytopenia

A

low platelets» inc risk of bruising and abnormal bleeding

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17
Q

Throbocythemia

A

increases risk os thrombus»> inc risk of MI and stroke

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18
Q

Leukopenia

A

Low WBC increases risk of infection

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19
Q

Leukocytosis

A

abnormally high WBC count likely indicating infection of leukemia

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20
Q

muscles of inspiration

A

Diaphragm, external intercostals, internal intercostals,

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21
Q

Muscles of exhalation

A

with forceful breating: int/ext oblique, rectus abdominus, transverse abdominus,

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22
Q

Anatomic dead space (VD)

A

The volume of air that occupies to non-respiratory airways

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23
Q

Expiratory reserve volume(ERV)

A

max vol of air that can be exhaled after normal tidal volume: apporx 15% of total lung volume

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24
Q

Forced expiratory volume (FEV)

A

max volume of air exhaled in specific amt of time, usually 1st, 2nd, and 3rd second of a forced vital capacity maneuver

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25
Q

Forced vital capacity (FVC)

A

volume of air expired during forced maximal expiration after a forced maximal inhalation

26
Q

Functional residual capacity (FRC)

A

volume of air in lungs after normal exhalation. FRC=ERV+RV. Approx 40% of lung volume

27
Q

Inspiratory capacity (IC)

A

max vol of air that can be inspired after normal tidal exhalation. (60% of lung volume)

28
Q

inspiratory reserve volume (IRV)

A

max volume of air that can be inspired after normal tidal volume inspiration

29
Q

Minute volume ventilation (VE)

A

volume of air expired in 1 min. VE=TV x respiratory rate

30
Q

peak expiratory flow (PEF)

A

max flow of air during the beginning of a forced expiratory maneuver

31
Q

Residual volume (RV)

A

volume of gas remaining in lung after max expiration. 25% of lung volume

32
Q

Tidal volume (TV)

A

total volume of inspired and expired with each breath during quiet breathing. approx. 10% of total lung volume

33
Q

Total Lung capacity (TLC)

A

total volume of air in lungs after a maximal inspiration.

34
Q

Vital capacity (VC)

A

total volume change between max inspiration and max expiration (75% of total lung volume)

35
Q

Normal BP

A

<120/80

36
Q

Prehypertension

A

120-139/80-89

37
Q

Stage 1 hypertension

A

140-159/90-99

38
Q

Stage 2 hypertension

A

> 160/<100

39
Q

hematocrit

A

males: 38.8-46.5%
Females: 35.4-44.4%

40
Q

hemoglobin

A

Males: 13.3-16.2 gm/dl
Females: 12.0-15.8 gm/dl

41
Q

Total cholesterol

A

240 =high

42
Q

LDL cholesterol

A

190 very high

43
Q

HDL cholesterol

A

60high

44
Q

Triglyceride

A

500 very high

45
Q

Auscultation of heart sounds

A

aortic area: 2nd intercostal space at R sternal border
Pulmonic Area: 2nd intercostal space at left sternal border
Mitral area: 5th intercostal spacemedial to the left midclavicular line
tricuspid area: 4th intercostal space at left sternal border.

46
Q

Crackles (rales)

A

discontinuous high pitched popping sound head usually during inspiration. may be associated with restricted or obstructive disorders. Represents the movement of fluid or secretions during inspiration

47
Q

Pleural Friction Rub

A

Dry crackling sound heard during both inspiration and expiration. Occurs when inflamed viscera and parietal pleura rub together.

48
Q

Rhonchi

A

continuous low pitched sound (snoring/gurgling). caused by air passing through an airway which is obstructed by secretions or liquid

49
Q

Stridor

A

high pitched wheeze with inspiration or expiration. indicates airway obstruction(think Peds)

50
Q

Wheeze

A

musical or whistling sound. heard during inspiration and expiration. arise from turbulent airflow

51
Q

BMI

A

40 extreme obesity

52
Q

Postural Drainage: Apical segments

A

pt sitting leaning back 30-40 degrees

percuss above clavicles

53
Q

Postural Drainage: Posterio segment, R upper lobe

A

pt is turned 1/4 from proneon the left side. bed horizontal. percuss on medial border of R scapula

54
Q

Postural Drainage: posterior segment L upper lobe

A

pt turned 1/4 from prone on R side. HOB 45deg. percuss medial border of L scapula

55
Q

Postural Drainage: Lingula left upper lobe

A

pt turned 1/4 from supine on the R side with foot of bed elevated 12 inches. percuss left chest between axilla and left nipple

56
Q

Postural Drainage: anterior segments R and L upper lobes

A

pt is supine, bed horiz, percuss below clavicles

57
Q

Postural Drainage: Right middle lobe

A

pt is turned 1/4 from supine on left side, foot of bed elev 12 in, percuss between R axilla and nipple

58
Q

Postural Drainage: Superior segments left and R lower lobes

A

pt prone, bed horiz, percuss below inferior border of the left and R scapula

59
Q

Postural Drainage: anterior basal segments left and R lower lobes

A

pt supine with foot of bed 18in elev, percuss over lower ribson L and R side

60
Q

Postural Drainage: posterior basal segments L and R lower lobes

A

pt is prone, foot of bed elev 18in, percuss over lower ribs on L and R side

61
Q

Postural Drainage: Lateral Basal segments lower lobes

A

pt in sidelying with foot of bed elev 18in, percuss over lower ribs,

NPTE Prep_Mitch (7 decks)

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