Cardio & Pulm Flashcards
MC congenital heart disease
VSD
what direction of shunt leads to cyanosis
Right to Left
Describe the murmur of VSD
smaller defect = louder murmur
holo pansystolic palpable thrill
In young patients with embolic stroke and fixed split S2
ASD
machine like grinding murmur
PDA
Tx for PDA in neonates
indomethacin
sx if no response
ToF consists of
VSD
overriding aorta
pulm stenosis
RVH
treatment of ToF
surgery always indicated
4 y/o male with five days of fever, and 3 days of bilat painless conjuncitivity, stomatitis, and cervical LAN. A rash that affects the hands and feet
Kawasaki Disease
IVIG and ASA
main complication of untreated Kawasaki Disease
coronary aneurysm
Coarctation of Aorta commonly associated with other syndrome?
Turner Syndrome
+ bicuspid aortic valve
Infant with delayed femoral pulses
Coarctation of the aorta
Tx for Coarctation of aorta
simple uncomplicated- balloon angioplasty
or surgical resection
MCC sudden cardiac death in young/athletes
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
patho of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
thickened but non-dilated LV
familial component
Rheumatic fever sxs
J: joints O: carditis N: nodules subq E: erythema marginatum S: Sydenham chorea
tx rheumatic fever
benzathing PCN G IM, PCN qmonth until 21
symptomatic ASA use
MCC acute pericarditis
viral- esp coxsackie and echoviruses
pleuritic CP relieved when sitting forward
friction rub
acute pericarditis
classic EKG changes of acute pericarditis
diffuse ST segment elevation
low QRS amplitude
PR depression
electrical alternans
respiratory distress in neonate born at 28 weeks
decreased air movement, bilat atelectasis on CXR
dx
tx
hyaline membrane disease
early intubation, 02, surfactant admin (Survanta)
15 y/o otherwise healthy male with insidious onset of cough, myalgias, and low grade fevers
CXR shows interstitial infiltrates
atypical PNA- mycoplasma
tx erythromycin
MCC bronchiolitis
RSV
URI sxs and gradual onset of resp distress with wheeze, cough, and dyspnea
prolonged expiratory phase
dx
tx
Bronchiolitis
tx generally supportive, cool humidified O2
RSV bronchiolitis associated with increased risk of what
asthma later in life
Prevention of RSV
Palivizumab in high risk infants:
<6m born 32-35wk with day care attendance, etc
barking cough + stridor
croup
MCC croup
parainfluenza
Tx for croup
symptomatic
1 dose of decadron
bursts of harsh cough followed by inspiratory high pitched “whoop”
Pertussis
Tx for pertussis
Zpack or Erythromycin
Dx CF
pilocarpine iontophoresis sweat test >60
-2 tests on different days
genotyping
