Cardio Micro Flashcards
What are the symptoms of pericarditis
-Sharp chest pain (usually positions as leaning forward will make it better) -Fever -Palpitations
What resistance form is commonly arising in Enterococcus (group D strep)
Vancomycin
What are the EKG findings in a patient with pericarditis
-ST elevations -Depressions in aVR and V1
What are the complications with S. aureus infection
Food poisoning
Sclded skin syndrome
Toxic shock syndrome
What are the common causes of bacterial endocarditis
S. aureus, epidermidis, viridans, group D strep
-HACEK (Haemophilis, Aggregatibacter, cardiobacterium, Eikenella, Kingella
What finding is this?
“waterbottle Sign”
-Flattening of the diaphragm due to weight of the effusion
What is the finding of mycobacterium when using a acid fast, Ziehl Neelsen stain
Red rods
Infectious myocarditis affects which portion of the heart
Myocardium aka the cardiac muscle
What is the method of plating Haemophilus sp.
Must be grown on cholate agar, and does not on Blood agar
*Can be grown on blood agar if with S aureus as it contain the hemolysins
What are the symptoms of intermediate phase chagas disease
Asymptomatic
What are the symptoms of chronic phase of chagas disease
-Dilated cardiomyopathy and arrhythmias -Megacolon, achalasia
What is the antibiotic prophylaxis treatment for endocarditis in able to take oral medication
Amoxicillin
What is the finding of infective endocarditis
Vegetations and destruction of the cardiac tissue, usually bacterial in nature
What are the symptoms of acute phase of Chagas disease
-Chagoma (lodule at bite site) -Romona sign (periorbital edema) -Fever, malaise -Myocarditis -Meningtioencephalitis
Which side of the heart tends to be affected with acute endocarditis
Right side (especially S. aureus)
What is the treatment for Viridans
Penicillin
What is the manifistation seen with infection for streptococcus viridans
Dental carries with bacterial endocarditis
What is the antibiotic prophylaxis treatment for endocarditis in not able to take oral medication and needs an IV
Ampicillin, cefazolin, ceftriaxone
What is the vector for trypanosoma Cruzi
Reduviid bug
What condition is this and what is the cause?
Scalded skin syndrome
-S. aureus
What is the treatment optionf for MSSA
Nafcillin
What should be avoided in a patient with myocarditis
NSAIDs, EtOH, exercise
What side of the heart tends to be affected in subacute endocarditis
Left side
What is the treatment for someone with myocarditis
Beta blockers ACE inhibitors diuretics
What is the treatmen for epidermidis
Vancomyocin
What is the antibiotic prophylaxis treatment for endocarditis in allergic to penicillin
Desensitize, cephalexin, clindamycin, azithromycin
What are the treatment contraindications for a patient with pericarditis
Anticoagulants
What are the main agents of causing pericarditis
-Coxsackie (serous pericarditis) -Mycobacterium tuberculosis (caseous pericarditis)
What are the symptoms that should be leading to the differential diagnosis of trichinella spiralis
-Abdominal pain, diarrhea, fever -Muscle pain (myositis) -Periorbital edema -Eosinophilia
How does infective endocarditis first start
Bacteremia
What is the finding of mycobacterium when using auramine rhadamine staining
Fluorescent apple green color
What is the physical exam finding in a patient with pericarditis
Friction rub
Streptococcus bovis is assocaited with which conditions
Colon cancer and IBD
What is the emperic treatment for bacterial endocarditis
Vancomycin with or without gentamicin
What is the major cardiac manifistation of infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Caseating pericarditis
What is the number one cause of osteomyelitis in adults and children
S. Aureus
What is the media used to grow Enterococcus (Group D strep)
40% bile and 6.5% NaCl, blood agar
What are the symptoms of a Coxsackie infection
URI Pleurodynia (severe intercostal pain and fever) Myocarditis Aseptic meningitis
What is the cardiac X ray findings in a patient with pericarditis
-Normally nothing -Pericardial effusions over 250ml causes symmetrical cardiac silhouette, aka waterbottle sign
What is the treatment for a patient with pericarditis
-High dose asparin (3x day)
Ibuprofen, indomethacin, colchicine
