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im > cardio - HTN > Flashcards

cardio - HTN Flashcards

1
Q

HTN crisis : ……………

A

> 180\110

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2
Q

Stages of HTN : 1-…………….. 2-………………. 3-………………..

A

1: 140-160\90-100 | 2: 160-180\100-110 | 3: >180\110

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3
Q

Most common cause of secondary HTN&raquo_space;>

A

renal ds

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4
Q

Resistant HTN = ………………….

A

HTN although ttt by 3 antihypertensive drugs including diuretics for 2 weeks

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5
Q

Malignant HTN =

A

> 180\120 +bilateral retinopathy +fibrinoid degeneration in micro-vessels

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6
Q

HTN crisis :

A

acute &sudden inc BP : | Urgency \ Emergency

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7
Q

Urgency HTN :

A

sever uncontrolled HTN with NO organ damage

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8
Q

Emergency HTN : …………….

A

with end organ damage&raquo_space; most common stroke >P.edema > ISHDs

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9
Q

Major C\P of Benign HTN&raquo_space;>……..

A

silent

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10
Q

Mainor C\P of Benign HTN&raquo_space;>

A

headache , Dizziness, Tinnitus , Epistaxis&raquo_space;>till end organ damage

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11
Q

MC cause of death in HTN :

A

CVS complications ( ISHDs, Stroke , ESRD)

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12
Q

Most accurate invs for HTN :

A

Ambulatory BP measurement

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13
Q

Inv for HTN if symptomatic pt. :

A

evaluation for end organ damage | K»urine albumin\creatinine ratio , serum creatinine , GFR | H» ECG,Echo | CNS» Carotid doppler , MRI | Eyes&raquo_space; fundoscopy | MAHA (Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia)&raquo_space;> CBC

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14
Q

1st line of ttt of HTN&raquo_space;»

A

pt. education

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15
Q

Target BP in ttt of HTN : …………… if well tolerated try to target ………………………..

A

<140\90mmHg if well tolerated try to target <130\80mmHg

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16
Q

Target BP in ttt of HTN in young \ DM or CKD :

A

<130\80

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17
Q

Management OF HTN:::::::::
Normal BP with CVS RF. OR DM or CKD : ……………………………………
High normal BP with no CVS RF : ……………
High normal BP with CVS RF. or DM or CKD : ……………….. > if failed > …………………………….

A

Normal BP with CVS RF. OR DM or CKD : life style modification (LSM)
High normal BP with no CVS RF : LSM
High normal BP with CVS RF. or DM or CKD : LSM for 3-6mns > if failed > start anti-htn

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18
Q

Management OF HTN:::::::::
Stage 1 with no CVS RF : ……….. > if failed > …………………..
Stage 1 with 1 or 2 CVS RF. : …………..> if failed > …………………
Stage 1 with >3 CVS RF or DM or CKD : …………………….

A

LSM for 3-6mns > if failed > start anti-htn
Stage 1 with 1 or 2 CVS RF. : LSM for 3-6 weeks > if failed > start anti-htn
Stage 1 with >3 CVS RF or DM or CKD : LSM + start anti-htn immediately

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19
Q

Management OF HTN:::::::::
Stage 2 with no CVS RF. :……….> if failed > ……………
Stage 2 with CVS RF. or DM or CKD :…………………..

A

Stage 2 with no CVS RF. : LSM for 3-6 weeks > if failed > start anti-htn
Stage 2 with CVS RF. or DM or CKD : LSM + start anti-htn immediately

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20
Q

Management OF HTN:::::::::

Stage 3 : ………….

A

LSM + start anti-htn immediately

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21
Q

Ttt options of benign HTN : …………………. , ……….. , ………………….. , ………………..

A

ACE-I or ARBs , BBs , CCBs , Diuretics

22
Q

benign HTN
Steps of ttt : 1 : …………………………|2:. ……………………….| resistant HTN : …………………………………………………

A

1 : ACEI\ARBs + CCBs \ Diuretics |2:ACEI\ARBs +CCB + diuretics | resistant HTN : as step 2 + spironolactone or BBCs or alpha-blockers(alpha-methyl dopa)

23
Q

DOC = drug of choice | #= Contraindication
DOC & # : HTN + DM&raquo_space;> …………………..

A

ACEI or ARBs | #&raquo_space;> BBs

24
Q

DOC & # : HTN + CKD&raquo_space;>

A

ACEI or ARBs | #&raquo_space;> K sparing diuretics

25
Q

DOC & # : HTN + stroke&raquo_space;>

A

ACEI + CCBs + Diuretics

26
Q

DOC & # : HTN + CAD&raquo_space;>

A

BBs

27
Q

DOC & # : HTN + HF&raquo_space;>

A

ACEI or ARBs + small dose BBs +diuretics (lasix, spironolactone) | #&raquo_space;> CCBs

28
Q

DOC & # : HTN + pregnancy&raquo_space;>

A

alpha-methyl dopa or labetalol | #&raquo_space;> ACEI or ARBs

29
Q

: HTN + bronchial asthma&raquo_space;>

A

BBs

30
Q

K losing diuretics :

A

loop , Ethacrinic acid , thiazide

31
Q

K sparing diuretics :

A

spironolactone , Amiloride , Triametrine

32
Q

Side effects of k losing D :

A

loop&raquo_space; sulfa allergy + dec Ca , Ethacrinic acid&raquo_space; oto-toxic , thiazide&raquo_space;inc Ca

33
Q

Side effects of K sparing diuretics (spironolactone) :

A

gynecomastia, hyperkalemia, acidosis

34
Q

Side effects of diuretics :

A

dec»> Na-K-Mg , inc»» Glucose-Lipids-Uric acid

35
Q

Side effects of ACEI (Captopril):

A

inc Bradykinin&raquo_space; dry mouth , Angioedema

36
Q

Side effects of ARBs (Losartan):

A

RAAS antagonist&raquo_space; hyperkalemia &acidosis |- EPO production&raquo_space; anemia

37
Q

of ARBs :

A

bilateral renal artery stenosis

38
Q

Side effects of alpha-methyl dopa :

A

chronic active hepatitis

39
Q

Side effects of alpha-blockers :

A

postural hypotension , reflex tachycardia

40
Q

Side effects of BBs :

A

bronchial spasm , impotence , mask s\s of hypoglycemia , worsen PVD

41
Q

CCBs drugs :
DHP : ……..& ……………….| non DHP : ………… & ………………….

A

DHP : Nifedipine & Amlodipine | non DHP : Verapamile & Diltiazem

42
Q

Side effects of CCB :

A

sever headache , flushing , LL edema

43
Q

Side effects of DHP CCB :

A

reflex tachycardia&raquo_space; risk for ISHD

44
Q

Side effects of non DHP CCB :

A

-ve inotropic , -ve chronotropic&raquo_space;> risk for HF

45
Q

Side effects of Hydralazine :

A

drug induced lupus

46
Q

Side effects of Diazoxide : ………………… & ……………..

A

hyper-uricemia & hyper-glycemia

47
Q

Side effects of sodium Nitro-prusside :

A

cyanid toxicity&raquo_space;> # in renal ds

48
Q

in HTN + pheochromocytoma ::

A

prazocin (alpha blocker)

49
Q

Centrally acting anti-HTN drug :

A

methyldopa

50
Q

HTN drug protect against dec renal function ::

A

ACEI

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