Cardio Facts

Question 1

Mitral regurgiration signs and how to elicit

Answer 1

• Mid systolic/pansystolic murmur
• Mid systolic click from pinging on chordae tendinae
• 4/5th intercostal space mid-clavicular and axillary
• (Squating -> increase venous return -> increase stroke volume -> valves have more space so takes longer for them to prolapse)

Question 2

Mitral stenosis signs and how to elicit

Answer 2

• Mid-diastolic snap as blood forced through atria
• Diastolic rumble
• Heard at apex with bell when rolled to the left

Question 3

Aortic stenosis signs and how to elicit

Answer 3

• Ejection systolic click. Crescendo, decrescendo systolic murmur.
• 4/5th left sternal border, sitting forwards on expiration

Question 4

AR

Answer 4

• Early decrescendo, diastolic murmur
• Head bobbing, capillary bed pulsations (Quinke’s sign)
• 4/5th left sternal border, sitting forwards on expiration