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top the PLE march 2020:) > cardio CDB > Flashcards

cardio CDB Flashcards

1
Q

closure or ductus venosus

A

ligamentum venosum

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2
Q

closure of foramen ovale

A

fossa ovalis

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3
Q

closure of ductus arteriosus

A

ligamentum arteriosum

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4
Q

closure or umbilical vein

A

ligamentum teres

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5
Q

adult strictures of truncus arteriosus

A

ascending aorta

pulmonary trunk

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6
Q

adult structure or bulbus cordis

A

infundibulum/ conus arteriosus(smooth part) of RV

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7
Q

adult structure of primitive ventricle

A

trabecular walls of the LV and RV

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8
Q

adult structure of primitive atrium

A

auricles

pectinate muscles of left and right atroa

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9
Q

adult structure of sinus venosus

A

coronary sinus
sinus venarum
smooth wall of RA
-oblique vein of LA

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10
Q

ductus arteriosus
functional closure?
anatomica closure?
mediated by?

A

96 hours
1-3 mos
bradykinin

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11
Q

foramen ovale
funcltional closure?
anatomical closure?

A

immediately

1-3 mos

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12
Q

heart

directed towards

A

downward, forward, left

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13
Q

layers of the heart (outer to inner)

A

epicardium
myocardium
endocardium

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14
Q

upper margin of the fossa ovalis

A

annulus ovalis

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15
Q

it is a modified trabeculae carnae located in the RV that crosses the intraventricular septum

A

moderator band

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16
Q

cardiac valve located bet the RIGHT atrium and ventricle that contains 3 cusps
- MC valve involved in endocarditis in IV drug user

A 
TRICUSPID VAlve 
(try drugs, tricuspid!)
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17
Q

cardiac valve found bet LEFT ventricle and atrium

  • slightly smaller than tricuspid
  • MC in marfans, Lupus, endocarditis, RH
  • does not leave a septal sound
A

mitral valve

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18
Q

triangle of kock boundaries

A
  • septal leaflet of tricuspid valve
  • opening of coronary sinus
  • tendon of todaro
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19
Q

where is the SA node located?

A

right atrium,
lateral to the sinus venarum
junction where the SVC enters the right atrium

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20
Q

what phase of the action potential-

  • upstroke of action potential
  • increase Ca conductance
A

phase 0

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21
Q

what phase of the action potential-

  • repolarization
  • caused by increase in K and inactivation of Ca channels
  • more gradual descent
A

phase 3

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22
Q

what phase of the action potential-

  • slow diastolic depolarization
  • principal feature if the pacemaker fiber
  • due to inward Na current at the end of repolarization
A

phase 4

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23
Q

what phase of the action potential-

-‘ot present in SA node action potential since plateau is not sustained

A

phase 1 & 2

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24
Q

ability of the heart to initiate AP in response to an inward depolarizing current
- depends on the stimulus applied

A

excitability

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25
Q

electrolytes that determine the excitability of the heart

A

na
k
ca
mg

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26
Q

(refractory period)

  • begins with the upstroke of the AP
  • ends after the plateau
  • no AP can be initiated
A

absolute refractory period

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27
Q

(refractory period)

  • slightly longer than ARP
  • peroid in which conducted AP cannot be elicited
A

effective refractory period

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28
Q

(refractory period)

  • peroid when depolarization is almost complete
  • an AP can be elicited but requires a higher inward current
A

relative refractory period

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29
Q

cardiac muscle fiber action potential RMP

A

-90mv approaching K equilibrium potential

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30
Q

(HEART SOUNDS)

  • closure of AV valves at start of ventricular systole
  • lub
A

S1

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31
Q

(HEART SOUNDS)

  • shorter “dup”
  • closure of aortic and pulmo ic valves just after ventricular systole
A

S2

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32
Q

in inspiration, there is further decrease in intrathoracic pressure - more blood comes in from the vena cava and into the R side of the heart- delayed closure of pulmonic valve

A

physiologic splitting

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33
Q

(HEART SOUNDS)

  • coincides wih period of rapid ventricular filling
  • physiologic un children and yound adults
  • pathologic in those more than 40
  • due to block in overloaded ventricle
A

S3

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34
Q

(HEART SOUNDS)

  • coincides with C wave
  • always pthologic
  • heard before the 1st heart sound when atrial pressure is high and ventricle is stiff
  • due to concentric ventricular hypertrophy
A

S4

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35
Q

dermatomal level of the cardiac pain-
heart?
referred to intercostal nerves and intercostobrachial nerves?

A

T1-T4
T2

T2- if radiates to finger tips CERVICAL
- if radiates to middle aspect of L middle arm
CARDIAC

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36
Q

inferior wall MI

referred to epigastrium?

A

T7,8,9

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37
Q

branches of the LCA

A

LAD

LCX

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38
Q

(infarct localization)
LAD
area involved?

A
  • anterior wall of LV

- anterior part of IVS

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39
Q

(infarct localization)
Lcx
area involved?

A

lateral wal of LV

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40
Q

(infarct localization)
RCA
area involved?

A

posterior wall of LV
posterour part of IVS
right ventricle

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41
Q

smallest branches of the arteries

-site of highest resistance

A

arterioles

42
Q

largest cross sectional and surface area

site for exchange of nutrients, water and gases

A

capillaries

43
Q

lowest pressure
contain the highest proportion of blood in the cardiovascular system
-reservoir of blood

A

veins

44
Q

directly proportional to the viscosity of blood

A

resistance

45
Q

describes the distensibility of blood vessels

A

capacitance

46
Q

streamlined flow

A

laminar flow

47
Q

predicts weather blood flow will be laminar or turbulent

A

reynolds number

48
Q
  • flows crosswise in the vessel and along the vessels
  • forms whorls in blood
  • eddy currents
A

turbulence

49
Q
  • volume of blood that fills a ventricle during diastole

- 120ml

A

EDV

50
Q

volume of blood that remains in the ventricles after systole

-50 ml

A

ESV

51
Q

difference bet EDV and ESv

A

stroke volume

52
Q

most important determinant of stroke volume

A

pulse pressure

53
Q

conditions that present with different BP in extremities

A

coarctation of the aorta

dissecting thoracic aneurism

54
Q

neurodegenerative disease presents with parkinsonism and autonomic dysfunction (eg orthostatic hypotension) and loss of balance

A

multiple systems atrophy (shy drager syndrome)

55
Q

conditons that presents with pulsus paradoxus

A
  • cardiac tamponade

- status asthmaticus

56
Q

pericadiocentesis
approach?
location?
directed toward?

A

infrasternal angle
5th or 6th ICS near sternum
introduced to the left of the xiphoid process upward backward direction

57
Q

myocarditis
etiology?
drugs that causes myocarditis?
morphology?

A

coxsackie virus, t cruzi, b burgdorferri

drugs: doxorubicin, daunorubicin, cocaine
morphology: interstitial inflam infiltrate with focal myocyte necrosis

58
Q

(congenital disease)

mc genetic risk of CHD

A

down syndrome

59
Q

mc heart dae assic in congenital rubella syndrome

A

PDA

60
Q

mc cyanotic CHD

  • booth shaped heart
  • cyanosis apparent after 2 mos hypoxic spell
A

tetrallogy of fallot

61
Q

components of TOF

A
  • pulmonic stenosis
  • RVH
  • overriding of the aorta
  • VSS
62
Q

TOF
tx?
sx?

A

propanolol

surgery- blaylock tausig

63
Q

(congenital disease)

assoc with offspring of diabetic mothers
switching of aorta and pulmo arteries
-pts die within days w/o sx

xray?

A

transposition of great arteries

engg on a string

64
Q

(congenital disease)

tricuspid valve is displaced, atrialized RV ASD
-can be caused by LITHIUM

A

ebstein anomaly

box shaped heart

65
Q

(congenital disease)

  • single great artery
  • early cyanosis with irreversible pulmo HPN
  • VSD present
A

truncus arteriosus

66
Q

(congenital disease)

  • anomalous connections by pulmonary veins to systemic veins
  • blood in pulmonary veins goes to RA
  • needs ASD patent foramen ovale

MC variant?
xray?

A

TAP VC

supracardiac
figure of 8, snowman appearance

67
Q

(congenital disease)

mc adult chd- asymptomatic till 30 y/o
-fixed widely aplit S2

mc type?

A

ASD

secundum

68
Q

(congenital disease)

MC CHD
-frequently assoc with other defects (TOF, Cri du chat, Fetal alcohol syndrome)

morphology?
mc type?

A

VSD
swiss cheese septum
membranous

69
Q

(congenital disease)

  • assoc with congenital rubela
  • cont machinery like murmur

tx?

A

PDA

indomethacin

70
Q

(congenital disease)

  • weak delayed or absent femoral pulses
  • BP maybe higher in the arms and legs

cxray?
assoc with?

A

coarctation of the aorta

  • rib notching, figure of 3
  • turners syndrome
71
Q

intact BV

-assoc with atherosclerotic, syphilitic and congenital aneurism

A

true aneurism

72
Q

BV non intact
-assic with post MI, rupture BV grafts
blood is in bet 2 vessel lyers

A

false aneurism

73
Q

rupture triad in aneurism

A

left flank pain
hypotension
pulsatile mass

74
Q

defect at the junction of the communicating branches with main cerebral vessels
-due to lack of INTERNAL elastic lamina and SM

mc site?

A

berry aneurism

anterior communicating

75
Q

ca that causes thrombophlebitis

A

pancreatic ca

76
Q

mc cause of SAH

A

trauma

77
Q

test to detect thoracic outlet syndrome(compression of the neurovascular components of the neck

A

adsons test

78
Q

ca that causes thrombophlebitis

A

pancreatic ca

79
Q

mc cause of SAH

A

trauma

80
Q

test to detect thoracic outlet syndrome(compression of the neurovascular components of the neck

A

adsons test

81
Q

ca that causes thrombophlebitis

A

pancreatic ca

82
Q

mc cause of SAH

A

trauma

83
Q

test to detect thoracic outlet syndrome(compression of the neurovascular components of the neck

A

adsons test

84
Q

ca that causes thrombophlebitis

A

pancreatic ca

85
Q

mc cause of SAH

A

trauma

86
Q

test to detect thoracic outlet syndrome(compression of the neurovascular components of the neck

A

adsons test

87
Q

ca that causes thrombophlebitis

A

pancreatic ca

88
Q

mc cause of SAH

A

trauma

89
Q

test to detect thoracic outlet syndrome(compression of the neurovascular components of the neck

A

adsons test

90
Q

ca that causes thrombophlebitis

A

pancreatic ca

91
Q

mc cause of SAH

A

trauma

92
Q

test to detect thoracic outlet syndrome(compression of the neurovascular components of the neck

A

adsons test

93
Q

ca that causes thrombophlebitis

A

pancreatic ca

94
Q

mc cause of SAH

A

trauma

95
Q

test to detect thoracic outlet syndrome(compression of the neurovascular components of the neck

A

adsons test

96
Q

ca that causes thrombophlebitis

A

pancreatic ca

97
Q

mc cause of SAH

A

trauma

98
Q

test to detect thoracic outlet syndrome(compression of the neurovascular components of the neck

A

adsons test

99
Q

ca that causes thrombophlebitis

A

pancreatic ca

100
Q

mc cause of SAH

A

trauma

101
Q

test to detect thoracic outlet syndrome(compression of the neurovascular components of the neck

A

adsons test

top the PLE march 2020:) (2 decks)

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