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top the PLE march 2020:) > anatomy- thorax > Flashcards

anatomy- thorax Flashcards

1
Q

modified sweat gland located at the 2ND to -6TH rib

A

breast

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2
Q

breast innervation

A

2nd -6th intercostal nerves

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3
Q

nipple location

dermatome?

A

4th ICS

T4

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4
Q
  • accessory nipple
  • mc congenital breast anomaly
  • failure of complete regression of the milk streak
A

polythelia

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5
Q

polythelia mc location

A

inferior to the breast

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6
Q

mc location of polymastia

A

acillq

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7
Q

amastia is 90%assoc with —— syndrome?

A

amastia

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8
Q

causes nipple retraction in breast ca

A

mammary ducts

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9
Q

cause orange peel appearance in breast ca

A

obstruction of subcutaneous lymphatics

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10
Q

causes dimpling in breast ca

A

retraction of cooper ligament

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11
Q
  • eczematous lesion of the nipple/areola

- assoc with underlying ductal malignancy

A

pagets dse

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12
Q

blood supply of the breast?
medial?
lateral?

A
  • internal thoracic artery

- axillary artery

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13
Q

baseline mammography screening age

A

40 y/o

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14
Q

nerves identified in MRM

A
  • long thoracic nerve

- thoracodorsal nerve

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15
Q

(vertebral angle)

jugular notch

A

t4

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16
Q

(vertebral angle)

sternal angle

A

t4/5

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17
Q

(vertebral angle)

xiphoid process

A

T9

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18
Q

true ribs

attached to sternum

A

1-7

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19
Q

false ribs

attached to coatal cartilage above

A

8-10

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20
Q

floating ribs

no attachment anteriorly

A

t11-12

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21
Q

typical ribs

A

3-9

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22
Q

mc location of rib fracture

A

5-10

rib 1-2 - severe
lower rib injury- liver or splenic injury

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23
Q

PE of flail chest

A

paradoxical chest movement

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24
Q

major cause of respi compromise in flail chest

A

respi compression

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25
Q

tx of flail chest

A

PEEP

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26
Q

tenderness over the costochondral joints

A

costochondritis/teitz syndrome

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27
Q

tx costochondritis

A

NSAIDS

28
Q

vit d deficiency
PE
-rachitic rosary
harrison groove

A

rickets

29
Q

external intercostal action

A

inspiration

30
Q

intercostal nerve block complications

A

pneumothorax

hemorrhage

31
Q

mngt for tension pneumothorax?
anterior approach-
lateral approach-

A

needle thoracostomy
2nd ICS MCL
2nd ICS AAL

32
Q

definitive tx for tension pneumothorax
used for Ir removal and fluid drainage
-incision site

A

4th or 5th ICS

5th or 6th-snell

33
Q

thoracentesis

site?

A

9th ics mal
end of expiration
needle angled upwards

34
Q

main muscle of expiration

A

diaphragm

35
Q

(diaphragmatic appertures)
caval opening
T?
what goes out?

A

t8
- ivc
right phrenic nerve

36
Q

(diaphragmatic appertures)
esophageal opening
T?
what goes out?

A

t10

  • esophagus
  • vagus
  • left gastric vessels
37
Q

(diaphragmatic appertures)
aortic hiatus opening
T?
what goes out?

A

t12
-aorta
thoracic duct
azygous

38
Q

hernia with SCAPHOID abdomen

  • bowel sounds on the chest wall
  • located posterior to the left
A

bochdaleck

39
Q

sefect in morgagni hernia(rare and right)

A

septum

40
Q
  • 10% of population
  • usually arise from the brachiocephalic artery
  • identified in surgery
  • lower thyroid
A

thyroidea ima artery

41
Q

starts at the CYSTERNA chyli and enters the AORTIC opening

A

thoracic duct

42
Q

communicates with the internal and vertebral venous plexus

-valveless

A

azygous

43
Q

mc ANTERIOR mediastinal mass in adult

A

thymoma

44
Q

mc ANTERIOR mediastinal mass in pedia

A

lymphadenopathy

45
Q

mc MIDDLE mediastinal mass in adult

A

lymphadenopathy

46
Q

mc pediatric mediastinal mass un adult

A

benign cyst

47
Q

mc POSTERIOR mediastinal mass un adult

A

nerve sheath tumors

48
Q

mc POSTERIOR mediastinal mass in pedia

A

neuroblastoma

49
Q

left shoulder pain affecting C3-C4

- splenic rupture -hemorrhage within peritoneal cavity

A

kehr sign

50
Q

intercostal approach of perocardiocentesis

A

5th 6th ics bear sternum

51
Q

xiphisternal approach to pericardiocentesis

A

larreys point

52
Q

pericardial effusion

-imaging

A

water bottle configuration

53
Q

wedge shaped density in pulmonary embolism

A

hamptons hump

54
Q

mc source of pulmo thromboembolism

A

thrombin in deep vein of the legs

55
Q

mc lung ca

location?

A

adeno carcinoma

-peripheral mass

56
Q

closest correlation with smoking

location?

A

squamous cell carcinoma

central

57
Q

most malignant, assoc with with smoking

A

small cell ca

58
Q

autoantibodies against PRESYNAPTIC voltage gated ca channels at NMJ -failure of ACH release

A

Lambert eatob syndrome

59
Q

antibodies against POSTSYNAPTIC nicotinic receptors

A

myesthenia gravis

60
Q

aka superior sulcus tumor, pulmonary sulcus tumor

  • horners syndrome
  • apical neoplasm (pancoast tumor)
A

pancoast tumor

61
Q

often assoc with small cell carcinoma

-positive PEMBERTON sign

A

superior vena cava syndrome

62
Q

partial development of the AP septum

-single vessel exits both ventricles and gives rise to both systemic and pulmonary circulation

A

persistent truncus arteriosus

63
Q
  • nonspiral devt of ap septum
  • mc cause of cardiac cause of cyanosis in neonatal period
  • cxray?
A

transposition of great arteries

-egg on a string

64
Q

downward displacement of the tricuspid valve

imaging?

A

ebstein anomaly

box shaped heart

65
Q

slowest velocity in the conduction system

A

AV node

66
Q

fastest velocity in the conduction system

A

purkinje fibers

top the PLE march 2020:) (2 decks)

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