Cardio (apea) Flashcards
a common side effect of thiazide diuretics is?
erectile dysfunction
in patients taking:
-chlorathalidone
-acebutolol
-amlodipine
-enalapril
common complaint in men with antiHTN
should be evaluated in patients who take antiHTN
Location of PMI
5th ICS, left of midclabicular line
HTN happens because
aging vessels & calcium disposition
the 75 y/o male has the greatest risk
If a patients lipids are elevated what lab test should be performed?
TSH- TSH elevated is secondary to hyperlipidemia
med that causes exercise intolerance?
metoprolol- causes Bradycardia
losartan
cardiac Cath can still be continued
meds to stop before cardiac Cath?
naproxen, furosemide, metformin
chronic aortic regurgitation side effect?
hypertrophied left ventricle
BP increased systolic & decreased diastolic pressure. wide pulse pressure
pain in the calf muscle
intermittent claudication compromised arterial blood flow- reproducible pain in a group of muscle
screen for hyperlipidemia in?
12-14 hrs fasting prior to blood draw
CHD risk factor
DM
labs- check LDLs
LDL promotes atherosclerosis
low HDL (happy cholesterol) is not good either
fetal coartation of the aorta
compare upper and lower BP
high BP upper,
lower BP lower
high lipids should be screened
annually
what factors contribute to congenital heart disease?
transposition of the great vessels
ventricular septal defect
hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
DM
viruses can also increase the risk
T
O
R
C
H
conditions that affect the fetus
toxoplasmosis
other- syphillus
rubella
cytalomegalovirus
herpes simplex virus
lasix puts a pt. at risk for gout
gout- hyperuricemia any diuretic can lead to this
candesartan can produce
hyperkalemia
what meds monitor potassium levels?
amlodipine- calcium channel blocker
fosonipril- ace
candesartan- ARB
—monitor potassium levels
ACE- -pril & ARB - sartan
cause high potassium levels
160/60 (systolic BP increased), diastolic= normal
isolated systolic HTN
abd aortic aneurysm
abd ultrasound- most cost effective
a bruit is indicative of generalized atherosclerosis
naproxen can increase BP
NSAIDS cause sodium and water retention
sx’s of DVT
swelling, pain, discoloration in lower extremity
DVT positive homers sign
initial BPs should start at
3 y/o
increased Na+
70 y/o African American male
what med class to treat systolic dysfunction?
ace inhibitor
calcium channel blockers are not good for HF patients
What do you monitor for after starting a pt. on ramipril (ace inhibitor)
-potassium level
protocol:
potassium
BUN
CR
1 week after iniating ace inhibitor
Warfarin - INR of 8 should this be dc’d
screening through abdominal aortic aneurysm
once for all males ages 65-75
ace inhibitor for what diseases
DM with proteinuria, heart failure, HTN
monitor the labs:
BUN
Cr.
K+
hydrochlorothaizide 25 mg add another BP med
80 y/o 172/72 give amlodipine
HTN sloughing off of skin
hydrochlorothiazide
aspirin daily proton pump inhibitor
take statins with doing diet & excercise
sucralfate & cholesteramine decrease
INR
grade 4 heart murmur in a child?
refer to cardiology
mitral regurgitation anticoagulation
with warfarin can lead to a-fib
ace
cough 2 wks of starting therapy
benazepril stop if?
pregnancy occurs
170/70 BP what med?
amlodipine
urinary incontinece related to?
amlodipine
mitral valve prolapse can be confirmed by?
echocardiography
resting HR for a child of 60-100 BPM
10 y/o
aortic stenosis refer to?
cardiology
naproxen can cause HF
NSAIdS cause sodium retention
viagra & antiHTN
preadults & children
secondary HTN
walking does not need any additional testing
thiazide diuretics help with HTN & osteoporosis
mitral valve prolapse
metoprolol
HR that varies for a child
this is a normal exam
hypertrophy of the atrium & ventricle
echocardiography
pharm treatment for adults should be started
for any type of HTN
acute coronary syndrome
ace, asa, statin, beta blocker
end organ damage
left ventricular hypertrophy
muscle cramps has
hypokalemia
dyspnea with peripheral edema
HF
DM with HTN pharm treatment for HTN in children
vessels affected varicose veins, arteriosclerosis
ARB should not take
potassium supplements
arbs can cause hyperkalemia
age causes diastolic BP to decrease
