Cardio Anatomy

Question 1

Heart functions

Answer 1

transports, regulates, protects

Question 2

Vasa Vasorum

Answer 2

vessels of the vessels, with collateral circulation, you get more BV–> keeps arteries and veins alive

Question 3

Tuncia Externa

Answer 3

loose connective tissue–> veins have a thicker one

Question 4

Tuncia Media

Answer 4

smooth muscle, elastic fibers, –> areteries have a thicker one

Question 5

Tuncia Interna

Answer 5

simple squamous epithelium, composed of elastin

Question 6

Systemic Circulation

Answer 6

oxygenated blood to body tissue

Question 7

Pulmonary Circulation

Answer 7

deoxygenated blood to lungs

Question 8

elastic arteries

Answer 8

bid, can expand, conducting arteries- aorta

Question 9

Muscular arteries

Answer 9

distributing - anterior tibial

Question 10

Arterioles

Answer 10

small arteries connecting to capillaries- site of substance exchange, symp- constriction, para- dialation

Question 11

as arteries diameter decreases…

Answer 11

amount of elastic fibers decrease, and smooth muscle increases

Question 12

venous circulation

Answer 12

partially collapsed, stretch when receiving more blood have valves –> preventing back flow, and have a muscle pump

Question 13

cappilaries - microcirculation

Answer 13

single wall, endothelium

Question 14

continuous capillaries

Answer 14

tightly bound– blood brain barrier

Question 15

fenestrated capillaries

Answer 15

depending on the need - epithelial cells are not as tightly bound –> kidneys(allowing for filtration

Question 16

sinusoid

Answer 16

not tight at all–> bone marrow and spleen

Question 17

fibrous pericardium

Answer 17

restricts movement, keeps it from overfilling, dense connective tissue

Question 18

serous pericardium

Answer 18

parietal layer (inner surface of fibrous pericardium) and visceral layer (epicardium) covers outside of the heart

Question 19

pericardial cavity

Answer 19

pericardial fluid –> reduces friction (serous fluid) between parietal and visceral layers

Question 20

epicardium

Answer 20

“visceral layer” areolar tissue, fills with fat that is energy for the heart, as we age this gets thicker

Question 21

myocardium

Answer 21

muscle, thickest layer

Question 22

endocardium

Answer 22

simple squamous epithelium–> endothelium, areolar tissue. internal surface of heart chambers, and external surfaces of heart valves

Question 23

conducting system

Answer 23

Sa node - connects to vagus nerve
av node - connects to atria and ventricles
Bundle of HIs - right and left branch conduct to apex
Purklinje FIber - conduct from inf to sup

Question 24

Hepatic Portal system

Answer 24

1 group of capillaries draining to the next–> draining blood from intestines, pancrease, gallbladder, into liver and then to inferior vena cava

Question 25

Facts about blood

Answer 25

5 L
8% body weight
Viscosity 0 4.5 -5.5
pH on 7.35-7.45(because lactate is acidic when you exercise)

Question 26

Erythrocyte

Answer 26

RBC, flattened concave disc, no nucleus of mitochondria, carrys oxygen and co2 - cannot divide, last 120 days, and destroyed by the liver

Question 27

Leukocytes - granulocytes

Answer 27

defense of infection, phagocytic

Question 28

Leukocytes - Agranlocyte

Answer 28

anticoagulant herperin, phagocytic, specific immune response. dont not have granules in their cytoplasm. Lymphocytes, and monocytes -> T- cells - direct immune response B-cells –> produce anti bodies

Question 29

Leukocytes- platelet

Answer 29

enables clotting

Question 30

Blood clotting

Answer 30

Fibrin - stops the bleeding
Platlets- form clot
Erythroyte- are deformed and they release a thrombocyte

Question 31

pericardium

Answer 31

heart is contained here, restricts movement so its doesn’t bounce around