Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Year 5 > Cardio > Flashcards

Cardio Flashcards

1
Q

Hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy symptoms and echo + gene

A

Sudden cardiac death in athletes
Beta myosin heavy chain mutation
Mitral regurg, systolic anterior motion of mitral valve and asymetric septal hypertrophy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Arrythmogenic RV dysplasia pathogenesis, ECG

A

RV myocardium replaced by fatty and fibrous tissue

V1-3 abnormalities (t wave inversion) and epsilon wave (notch in QRS)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Causes of dilated cardiomyopathy

A

Alcohol
Coxswckie B virus
Wet beri beri
Docorubicin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Causes of restrictive cardiomyopathy

A

Amyloidosid
Post RT
Loefflers endocarditis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Peripartum cardiomyopathy

A

Between final month of pregnancy and 5 months post

Older women multiparous multigravid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Takotsubo cardiomyopathy

A

Stress induced

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Secondary cardiomyopathies (types)

A 
Infective (coxsackie B, Chagas)
Infiltrative (amyloidosis)
Storage (haemochromatosis)
Toxic (doxorubicin, alcoholic) 
Inflamm (sarcoid granulomas)
Endocrine (DM, thyrotoxicosis, acromegaly)
NM (Friedrichs, DMD, myotonic dystrophy)
Nutrition (beri beri = thiamine)
AI (SLE)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Reversible causes of cardiac arrest

A 
Hypoxia
Hypovolaemia 
Hypothermia 
Hypo- kal/ glycaemia/ calc 
Hyperkalaemia

Toxin
Thrombus
Tension PT
Tamponade

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Types of calcium antagonist and what to use/not use with them

A

Dihydropyridines (nicedipine amlodopine). Peripheral vasodilators. Use with beta blocker as they cause reflex tachy. Treat HT and angina.

Non digydropyridines
Verapamil diltiazam. Slow conduction through AV and SA. DO NOT USE BB risk of Brady.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Hypetkalaenia

A

Tall tended T
Flat P
Tachy

Sinusoidal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

NSTEMI

A

RMANCE / ticag 180mg

Look atT wave inversion (where is it) ie lateral circumflex
Inferior RCA
Anterior LAD

Angiography

Secondary PCI

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Ccx of septal anterior infarct

A

Papillary rupture

Mitral regurgitation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Score for Nstemi

A

GRACE score

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

2ary cardiac prevention

A

dapt

Statin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Losartan

A

AT2 block

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Brady andST depress

A

Posterior stemj/ STEMI

Septal ischaemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

When to not give GTN

A

Low BP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Posterior

A

RCA

Branches of L circumflex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

PE ecg

A 
Tachycardia 
Right axis
RBBB
T wave inversion 
S wave in lead 1 
Deep Q S1Q3T3
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Broad QRS

A

> 120ms or 3 small

21
Q

S1Q3T3

A

Cor pulmonale

22
Q

Provoked PE prevention post

A

Disc

23
Q

ThromboLYs PE

A

Haemodtnamically unstable

24
Q

New LBBB and chest pain

A

Treat for STEMI

Check old ECGs

25
Q

NSTEMI

A

Raised trop with chest pain

Not another reason ie CKD chronic hypertensive

26
Q

Scarbossa criteria

A

For LBBB

27
Q

Left main stem partial block

A

Global ST and AVR

28
Q

CT angio before intervention

A

Unfit

29
Q

Ix before CABG

A 
Cxr 
Ecg
Echo  (EF >55 normal) 
Bloods 
Angiogram for stenosis
30
Q

CABG vs stent

A

cabg if multiple vessels triple vessel
Already stented (diabetics get stent failure)
>50% stenosis of left main steno = critical main stem disease
LV failure

31
Q

CP bypass

A

Heparinise
1 venous (SVC/RA) 1 arterial (aortic arch)
Oxygenate warm filter cool blood
Reverse heparin with protamine

32
Q

Cardioplegia

A

Stop heart
K+ rich crystaloid
Arrest and prevent ischaemia

33
Q

CABG scar

A

Saphenous graft and midline sternotomy
L Internal mammary
Internal thoracic

34
Q

Post op CCX CABG

A 
Infection. (Wound)
Bleed
Poor cardiac function
Stroke
Mortality 2-3%

Hook to telemetry for AF / VT / tachy
Cautious for fluid so inotropic support ie dobutamine and NA

35
Q

Triad for Aortic stenosis

A

Chest pain
Syncope
Breathless

36
Q

Aortic stenosis findings

A

Brady
Pulse changes eg slow rising
Ejection systolic to carotid
Echo showing trileaflet calcified valve stenosis.

37
Q

Classify aortic stenosis

A

Area
Gradient
Velocity

38
Q

Causes of valve disease

A 
Bicuspid/unileaflet aortic
Calcified
Infective (rheumatic/BE)
Connective tissue 
Ischaemia 
Degenerative
39
Q

Indication for aortic valve replacement

A

Severe Symptomatic / reduced exercise tolerance

EF <50%

40
Q

Replacement of aortic valve choice

A

TAVI- life expectancy over a year
OPen - fit

Lifelong anticoag

41
Q

Metal vs tissue valve

A

Metal vs tissue
Mechanical with warfarin as INR needs to be higher as higher risk of vegetation’s. Hear it. Lifelong?

Tissue 10-15y, degeneration, risk of reop. No lifelong anti coagulation (ie could get pregnant).

42
Q

Pan systolic murmur

A

Mitral regurgitation

43
Q

Indication for mitral valve

A

Severity of MR

Symptoms

44
Q

Repair vs replacement mitral valve

A

Repair- reduce systolic dysfunction. Annuloplasty.

45
Q

Common valves needing replacement

A

Mitral and aortic ie left heart

46
Q

Symptoms of constructive pericarditis

A 
Dyspnoea
JVP that doesn’t fall on inspiration
= Kussmalls sign
Peripheral oedema 
Pericardial knock (S3)
RH failure (JVP ascites oedema hepatomeg)

CXR- pericardial calcification

47
Q

Common valve defect following rheumatic disease

A

Mitral stenosis heard as diastolic murmur with opening snap and low pitch rumble

48
Q

ECG changes in trifascicular block

A

RBBB

Left anterior or posterior HEMi block + first degree heart block

49
Q

ECG in wpw

A

Short PR
Delta wave
QRS prolongation

Year 5 (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions