Cardio Flashcards
IA class antiarrhytmics? What channels block? 3 drugs
Na channel blockers
Quinidine, Procainamide, Disopyramide
Adverse effects of IA antiarrhemics
Cinchonism (tinnitus) quanidine
SLE-like syndrome (procainamide)
HF (disopyramide)
Thrombocytopenia
Forsakes de pointes (⬆️QT)
Phase O in fast response fibers ?
Na channels open
Na enters cell - depolarization
Phase O in slow response fibers
No appreciable Na current
Depolarization depends on Ca channels
What do Ia antiarrhytmic drugs do to K?
Block - prolong repolarization
As well as Na block
Quinidine block what receptors? Channels?
Na
K a bit
M (muscarinic): ⬆️HR ⬆️AV conduction
May cause vasodilation alpha-block - reflex tachycardia
Drug interactions of quinidine?
⬆️toxicity of digoxin
Lupus causing drugs?
Hydralazine
Isoniazid
Procainamide
HIP
Ib antiarrhythmia drugs?
What channels block?
Ap duration?
Weak Na block
Lidocaine
Mexiletine
⬇️Ap duration
Ib antiarrhetmyc drugs use when ?
Ap duration?
Diastolic duration?
HR?
Use only in hospital
Post-MI (best!), open heart surgery
Only for VA
Lidocaine - IV
Mexiletine - oral
Non-prophylactic
⬇️Ap
⬆️Diastole
⬇️HR
Side effects of Ib antiarrhetmics?
CNS toxicity (seizures, depression or stimulation) Carfiovascular depression
Ic antiarrhetmics? Mechanism? Ap? ERP? Contraindications?
Flecainide
Propafenone
(Fries, please)
STRONG Na channels block (especially His-Purkinje)
No or little effect on Ap duration
Flecainide - bad reputation!
⬆️mortality in post-MI and in VT use
Good for atrial arrithmias
Proarrhytmic (promotes arrhythmia) in post MI, VA
Contraindicated in ischemic, structural ❤️ diseases
Good for SVT (including AF)
How Procainamide metabolized?
Metabolized via N-acetyltransferase to N-acetyl Procainamide (NAPA) -prolongs AP duration
II class of antiarrhetmyc? 6 drugs Mechanism?
B-blockers
Metoprolol Propranolol Esmolol Atenolol. -lol 😂 Timolol Carvedilol
B-receptors activation - ⬆️ cAMP
B-blockers prevent activation - ⬇️cAMP, ⬇️Ca current
⬇️abnormal pacemakers by ⬇️slope of 4 phase
⬆️PR
⬇️AV (!) SV activity
Use of b-blockers?
SVT
Prophylaxis post MI
V and control of A fibrillation, A flutter
Because b receptors are all over the ❤️
Adverse effects of B-bl?
Metoprolol?
Propranolol?
Impotence ⬆️COPD, Astma HF Bradycardia AV block Sedation Metoprolol - dyslipidemia Propranolol - exacerbate vasospasm in vasospastic angina
B-by overdose? WhT to do?
Saline ( NaCl with water - изотонических раствор)
Atropine
Glucagon
III class of antiarrhetmyc? Mechanism? 4 drugs?
K channel blockers
⬆️Ap duration
⬆️ERP
⬆️QT
Slowing 3 phase - repolarization
AIDS:
Amiodarone
Ibutilide
Dofetilide
Sotalol
Clinical use of III class antiarrhetmyc
AF, AFlutter, VT (amiodarone, sotalol)
Life threatening ventricular arrhythmias
Amiodarone the smartest - mimic I, II, III, IV classes - blocks Ma, K, Ca, B- adrenoreceptors
⬆️APD ⬆️ERP in all cardiac tissues
Side effects of III antiarrhetmyc?
Pulmonary fibrosis (amyodarone) Smurf skin (iodine contain) - blue skin Photo toxicity Hepatic necrosis Thyroid disfunction Torsada (sotalole) - excessive b-blockade (Sotalol - nonselectove b-bl)
What check while using amiodarone?
PFT, LFT, TFT
Which classes of antiarrhetmyc don’t use in long QT syndrome?
1A
III
POTASSIUM CHANNEL BLOCKERS
Tricyclic antidepressants
Antipsychotic (thioridazine)
How to treat Torsades?
Discontinue drug that prolong QT
Correct hypokalemia
Correct hypomagnesemia
Give magnesium or defibrillate
Treatment of A Fibrilation
Ventricular rate control: b-bl, CCB, digoxin
Anticoagulants
Pulmonary fibrosis what 3 drugs can cause ?
Amiodarone
Bleomycin
Busolfen
Which drug instead of amiodarone use to avoid blue skin?
Dronedarone
Thioridazine?
Group?
When avoid?
Antipsychotic
Long QT
IV class antiarrhetmyc? Mechanism? 2 drugs?
Ca-Chanel blockers
Verapamil
Diltiazem
Block slow cardiac Ca Channels
⬇️conduction velocity
⬆️ERP
⬆️PR interval
Prolonged repolarization
⬇️ 4, 0
Inhibit Ca influx in AV nose
Use of IV antiarrhetmyc?
SVT
Rate control in AF
PREVENT nodal arrhythmias
Side effects of IV antiarrhetmyc?
Constipation (verapamil) AV block Dizziness Flushing Hypotension HF Edema
Drug interaction IV antiarrhetmyc
Verapamil displace digoxin
AV block with b-blockers, digoxin
Other antiarrhetmycs?
4
Adenosine
Magnesium
Ivabradine
Digoxin
Adenosine mechanism of action?
Duration of action?
When to use?
⬆️K out of cell
Hyperpolarizing the cell
Decrease AV node conduction
Duration - short, 15sec
Use in SVT
What’s activated of adenosine receptors cause? Where are they?
Cause Gi-coupled ⬇️ in cAMP
⬇️ SA AV activity
Side effects of adenosine?
Flushing, sedation, dyspnea
Drugs interaction?
Antagonized by…?
By methylxanthines ( theophylline, caffeine) Effects of adenosine blunted ⬇️
Adenosine is drug of choose …?
PSVT
Magnesium use?
Torsades
Digoxin toxicity
Ivabradine mechanism?
IVabradine prolongs slow depolarization (IV)
By selective inhibitions of funny sodium channels
Use of Ivabradine?
Chronic stable angina in those who can’t take b-bl
HF with reduced EF (HFrEF)
Adverse effects of ivabradine
Visual brightness (luminous phenomena)
Hypertension
Bradycardia
What drugs control HR?
B-bl, Ca cb
What to use in SVT?
How describe SVT?
II, IV, adenosine, digoxin
> 150
GRS narrows
P deformation
Drugs for VT?
Describe VT?
I, III
VT >120
Wide QRS >140ms
patients feel skipping beats
Ventricles contracts more often than Atrias
Saved By Pharm Class
I - Sodium
II - b-bl
III - potassium
IV - Calcium
If patient had ⬆️ ventricular response to stress, activity what to use?
Need for long usage
⬇️sympathetic
B-bl - propranolol
Drugs for essential HT
Thiazides diuretics
ACEI
ARB (angiotensin II receptors blockers)
Dihydropiridine
Ca cb
HT with HF treatment?
Diuretics ACEI ARB B-bl Aldosterone antagonists (spironolactone, epelerenone, canrenone)
HT with DM
ACEI ARB Ca cb Thiazides B-bl
HT with Asthma
ARB
Ca cb
Thiazides
Cardioselective b-bl
HT with CKD
ACEI
ARB
HT with dyslipidemia
A-blockers
Ca cb
ACEI
ARB
HT in post MI
B-bl
Useful in preventing second MI
What anti HT ⬆️ lipids?
Thiazides
B-bl
HT in pregnancy
Hydralazine - preeclampsia (new HT)
Labetalole also good for both
Methyldopa - drug of choice
Nifedipine
He Likes My Neonate