Biochemistry

Question 1

Drugs target S-phase (3)

Answer 1

Methotrexate
5-fluorouracil
Hydroxyurea

Question 2

G2 phase targeting drug (1)

Answer 2

Bleomycin -

Hodgkin, non-Hodgkins lymphomas, reproductive systems cancers

Question 3

M phase targeting drugs (3)

Answer 3

Paclitaxel
Vincristine
Vinblastine

Question 4

Non cell-cycle specific drug agents (2)

Answer 4

Cyclophosphamide

Cisplatin

Question 5

Daunorubicin and doxorubicin mechanism

Answer 5

Intercalating between DNA bases - interfering with activities of topoisomerase II - prevent proper replication of DNA

Question 6

Cisplastin mechanism

Answer 6

Bladder, lung cancer

Bind tightly to DNA - structural distortion, malfunction

Question 7

WhT can denaturate DNA (4)

Answer 7

Urea
Heat
Formamide
Alkaline pH

Question 8

Etoposide

Teniposide

Answer 8

Inhibit topoisomerase II

Question 9

Quinolones

Fluoroquinolones

Answer 9

Inhibit DNA hyraxes in prokaryotes
Prevent DNA replication and transcription
Gr-
Levofloxacin, cipro, moxi

Question 10

Nalidixic acid

Answer 10

Kills bacteria by inhibiting dna gyrase

Question 11

Drugs targets DNA gyrase (topoisomerase II) in eukaryotes and prokaryotes?

Answer 11

Quinolones, Fluoroquinolones (p)
Etoposide, teniposide (e)
Nalidixic acid (bacteria)

Question 12

AZT mechanism

Answer 12

HIV
Inhibit RNA dependent DNA polymerase - inhibit DNA synthesis from RNA
AZT converts to triphosphate derivative and used as substrate for viral reverse transcriptase
Cause chain termination

Question 13

ATM Gene inactivated?

Answer 13

Ataxia telangiectasia - hypertensivity to x-rays, predisposition to lymphomas

Question 14

Tumor suppressor genes

Answer 14

BRSA 1
BRCA 2
ATM Gene
p53
Retinoblastoma arb Gene

Question 15

Inactivation of p53?

Answer 15

Li-Fraumeni syndrome

A lot of solid tumors

Question 16

HNPCC what 2 genes?

Answer 16

Lynch syndrome
hMSH2
hMLH1

Question 17

Norfloxacin inhibit ..

Answer 17

DNA gyrase (tp II)

Question 18

Actinomycin D mechanism

Answer 18

Binds to DNA, preventing transcription

Question 19

By which drug prokaryotes rna polymerase is inhibited?

Answer 19

Rifampin

Question 20

Rifampin mechanism

Answer 20

Inhibition of prokaryotic RNA polymerase

Question 21

A-amanitin mechanism

Answer 21

Mushrooms

RNA polymerase II is inhibited

Question 22

Inhibition of RNA polymerase in prokaryotes? (2)

Answer 22

Rifampin

Actinomycin D

Question 23

Inhibition of RNA polymerase in eukaryotes (2)

Answer 23

Actinomycin D

RNAP 2 inhibited by a-amanitin

Question 24

Rifampin used to treat

Answer 24

Leprae
TB
Meningitis

Question 25

Rifampin what’s with urine?

Answer 25

Red

Question 26

Shiga toxin mechanism and Verotoxin (shiga-like toxin, E.coli)

Answer 26

Inactive 28S rRNA in the 60S subunit of eukaryotic ribosome. Halting protein synthesis

Question 27

Incorrect splicing diseases? | 5

Answer 27

``` B-thalassemia (3exons, 2 intrones Lupus Morfan Ray-Sachs Type 2a hyperlipidemia ```

Question 28

Ray-Sachs what the defect molecular? What protein defective? What accumulates? You

Answer 28

Incorrect splicing (introns excision 4 nucleotides insertion Hexosaminidase A Accumulated GM2 ganglioside

Question 29

What protein is defective in type 2a hyperlipidenia?

Answer 29

Receptor for apo 100

Question 30

By what interned removed?

Answer 30

Spliceosomes | snRNA

Question 31

What forms by alternative splicing ?

Answer 31

Tropomiosin, troponin 1 in muscles Membrane Ig vs secreted Ig Dopamine receptors in brain

Question 32

Frameshift mutation pathology

Answer 32

Duchenne MD - problem with dystrophin | Becker’s - similar, but not severe

Question 33

Insertion not causing frameahift

Answer 33

X-fragile = Hantington disease - huntingtin

Question 34

Trinicleotide repeat expansion diseases (5)

Answer 34

``` Huntington Fragile C Spinobulbar muscular athrophy Myotonic dystrophy Friedreich’s ataxia ```

Question 35

Pseudononas and Diphteria inactivate what?

Answer 35

``` Elongation Factor 2 G protein class of protein G proteins binds GYP in order to work ```

Question 36

Why toxins cause death?

Answer 36

Come to cell Look for ADP Split niacin from NAD Covalent linkage to G protein

Question 37

Aminoglycosides Mechanism 2 Why no influence on people?

Answer 37

``` Gentamicin, Streptomycin Inhibit small (30) ribosomal subunit in prokaryotes People don’t have it ```

Question 38

Linezolid | Mechanism

Answer 38

Prevent initiation phase | Large subunit 50

Question 39

Clindamycin | Macrolides

Answer 39

Bonds to 50S

Question 40

Tetracycline

Answer 40

Inhibit Aminoacyl-tRNA binds to A site

Question 41

Chloramphenicol

Answer 41

Inhibit peptidyl transferase in large subunit

Question 42

Gray baby syndrome

Answer 42

Chloramphenicol (Memingitis) Babies Do not have enough UPD-glucuronyl transferase activity for excretion of drug

Question 43

What drug inhibit mitochondrial protein synthesis not cytoplasms

Answer 43

Chloramphenicol

Question 44

Autosomal dominant (5)

Answer 44

``` Huntington Familiar hypercholesterolemia (LDL receptor deficiency) Neurofibromatosis type 1 Marfan Acute intermittent porphyria ```

Question 45

Autosomal recessive

Answer 45

Sickle cell anemia (b-globin Gene) Cystic fibrosis (CFTR Phenylketonuria (phenoalanyn hydroxylasa Ray-Sachs (hexosaminidase A deficiency )

Question 46

X-linked recessive

Answer 46

``` Duchenne muscular dystrophy Lesch-Nyhan (HGPRT deficiency) Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency Hemophilia A, B Red-green color blindness Menkes disease Ornithine transcarbamoylase (OTC) deficiency SCID (IL-receptor gamma chain deficiency ```

Question 47

Lesch-NYhan

Answer 47

HGPRT | PURINE SALVAGE