Cardio

Question 1

The lub; S1

Answer 1

Apex of heart, during systole, low pitch

Tricuspid and mitral valves close (systole)

Question 2

The dub; S2

Answer 2

Base of heart begin of diastole

Closure of aortic and pulmonic semilunar value

Question 3

Atrial Gallop; S4

Answer 3

Over apex of heart, before S1 when atria contract to force blood into left ventricle
ALMOST ALWAYS ABNORMAL - heart failure, MI, prolong hypertension

Question 4

Ventricular Gallop; S3

Answer 4

Apex of heart; after S2mitral valve opens passive filling of L ventricle
NORMAL in well trained athletes, children, and pregnant females, can be pathological indicate systolic CHF

Question 5

Pericardial Friction Rub

Answer 5

Left sternal border

Cause by pericarditis, has a scratchy, leather-like sound

Question 6

Mitral stenosis

Answer 6

Low pitch rumbling, apex of heart after S2 mid diastole

Left atrium to left ventricle, rheumatic fever most common!

Question 7

Aortic stenosis

Answer 7

2nd intercostal on the R throughout systole
Calcified or sclerotic aortic valve
Occur from advanced aging/wear and tear, rheumatic fever

Question 8

Mnemonic for auscultation

Answer 8

All, people, enjoy, time, magazine
Aorta (2nd IC R sternal border)
Pulmonic semilunar valve (2nd IC on L sternal border)
ERB’s point (3rd IC L sternal border)
Tricuspid (4th IC left sternal border)
Mitral/bicuspid (5th IC midclavicular line left)