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PANCE > Cardio > Flashcards

Cardio Flashcards

1
Q

pulsus paradoxus

A 
decrease SBP w/ inspiration
pericardial tamponade
COPD
tension pneumo
foreign body
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2
Q

pulsus alternans

A

weak-then strong - poor prognosis

cardiac tamponade

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3
Q

pulsus parvus et tardus

A

weak + delayed

aortic stenosis

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4
Q

kussmal sign

A

increased JVP w/ inspiration
cardiac tamponade
tricuspid regurg
constricitive pericarditis

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5
Q

tx brady or symptomatic mobtiz 1

A

atropine

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6
Q

causes of mobitz 1

A

Digoxine
BB, CCB
increased vagal tone
right ischemia/infarct

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7
Q

CHADS2 score

A 
anticoagulate if 2+
CHF
HTN
75y/o = 2
Diabetes
Stroke/tia = 2
vasc dz 
female
65-74
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8
Q

multifocal atrial tachy

A

COPD/hypoxemia

verapamil/Bb for rate ctrl

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9
Q

rate ctrl options Afib

A

BB
CCB
digoxin

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10
Q

tx v tach

A

amiodarone
lidocaine
procainamide

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11
Q

MCC:
systolic HF?
diastolic HF?

A 
systolic = CAD
diastolic = HTN
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12
Q

tx CHF

A

BB/ACEI/ARB - prevent remodeling + decrease mortality

spironolactone for types 3-4 decrease mortality

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13
Q

BB for CHF

A

bisoprolol
carvedilol
metoprolol

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14
Q

what tx is not usefule in diastolic HF

A 
digoxin
#1 - diuretics
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15
Q

PE in HOCM

A

sustained apical impulse
S4
tx: BB

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16
Q

restrictive cardiomyopathy

A

decreased elasticity
bx = fibrosis/infiltrates
typically see LBBB, low voltage w/ amyloidosis

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17
Q

what meds show mortality benefit for tx angina

A

BB

ASA

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18
Q

tx unstable angina

A

same as stable angina

add clopidogrel, heparin, or enoxaparin

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19
Q

when to give heparin + do PCI

A

TIMI score > 3 out of 7
CP refractory to meds
trop elevated
ST changes > 1mm

20
Q

best predictor survival STEMI

A

LVEF

21
Q

leads I, AVL, V5-6

A

LCA

22
Q

leads V1-4

A

LAD

23
Q

leads II, III, AVF

A

RCA

24
Q

tx if can’t do PCI w/in 90 min

A

thrombolysis w/ tPA - reteplase or streptokinase

25
Q

indications to do CABG are “UnLimiTeD”

A

U - unable to do PCI
L - left main disease
T - triple vessle
D - depressed vent func

26
Q

tx LDL > 130

A

ezetimibe

27
Q

tx TG > 150

A

fibrates

28
Q

tx HDL < 40

A

niacin

29
Q

when to start fasting lipid profile

A

at 35
at 20 w/ CAD risk factors
repeat Q5y

30
Q

hypercholesterolemia vs dyslipidemia

A

TC > 200 (x2) = hypercholesterolemia

LDL > 130 or HDL < 40 = dyslipidemia (regardless TC)

31
Q

strongest statins

A

atorvastatin (lipitor)

rosuvastatin (crestor)

32
Q

most effective life style modification for HTN

A

weight loss

33
Q

cause of 2ndary HTN

A 
CHAPS
Cushings
Hyperaldosteronism (Conn's)
Aortic coarcation
Pheo
Stenosis renal arteries
34
Q

HoTN + hypoK + met alkalosis = ?

A

Conn’s syndrome (hyperaldosteronism)

35
Q

tx malignant HTN

A

IV labetalol, nitropursside, nicardipine

36
Q

PR segment depression + diffuse ST elevation

followed by T wave inversions

A

pericarditis

tx: ASA if post-MI, ASA/NSAID viral

37
Q

ekg shows electrical alternans

A

large pedicardial effusion
CXR = water bottle shaped heart
tx: IV fluid, pericardiocentesis
if decompensated do pericardial window

38
Q

blowing diastolic murmur LSB, mid-diastolic rumble (Austin Flint)
de Musset’s
Corrigan’s
Duroziez

A

Aortic regurg

Tx: vasodilators (CCB, ACEI)

39
Q

opening snap, mid diastolic murmur at apex

pulm edema

A

Bblockers

digoxin

40
Q

usually 2nd to rheumatic fever or chordae tendineae rupture

holosystolic murmur radiates to axilla

A

nitrates/diuretics to reduce preload

antiarrhythmics (AF + LAE common)

41
Q

pulsatile abdominal mass/bruits

A

aortic aneurysm (assoc w/ atherosclerosis)

42
Q

MC above aortic valve
HTN
asymmetric pulses and BP

A

aortic dissection (assoc w/ HTN)
CT angiography
Stanford system - proximal to left subclavian = type A
Tx: BP meds

43
Q

tx DVT

A

1) IV unfractionated heparin or SQ LMWH

2) follow w/ PO warfarin x 3-6mon

44
Q

ABI results for PAD

A

ABI < 0.4 w/ rest pain

45
Q

buttock claudication
decreased femoral pulse
male impotence

A

Aortoilliac PAD

46
Q

calf claudication

decreased pulses below femoral artery

A

femoropopliteal disease

PANCE (7 decks)

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