Cardio Flashcards

1
Q

nitrates exert their effect by…

A

systemic venodilation

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2
Q

AV fistulas CV findings

A

there is shunting of large amounts of blood, lowers SVR, increases preload to the heart, and increases CO; widening of PP and ECG shows LV hypertrophy

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3
Q

hypertrophic cardiomyopathy mode of inheritance

A

autosomal dominant

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4
Q

constrictive pericarditis clinical presentation

A

fatigue and dyspnea on exertion, peripheral edema, JVD and ascites (venous overload), pulsus paradoxes, Kussmaul’s sign

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5
Q

Kussmaul sign

A

increase in JVD with inspiration

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6
Q

infective endocarditis major and minor criteria

A

major:
- positive blood culture from typical organism
- echo shows vegetations
minor:
- previous cardiac lesion
- IV drug use
- temperature
- embolic phenomena
- immunologic phenomena
- positive blood culture from atypical organism

definitive IE: 2 major OR 1 major + 3 minor

possible IE: 1 major + 1 minor OR 3 minor

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7
Q

tx of congenital long QT

A

refrain from vigorous exercise, avoid meds that lengthen QT, keep electrolyte balance

beta blockers and (if symptomatic) add pacemaker

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8
Q

acute tx of hyperkalemia

A

if there are ECG changes, K+ >/=, or rapidly rising K+ d/t tissue breakdown –> give calcium gluconate or insulin+glucose

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9
Q

cardiac exam finding on acute phase of myocardial infarction

A

new fourth heart sound; d/t left ventricular stiffening and dysfunction induced by myocardial ischemia

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