Cardio Flashcards
Stenosis
Abnormal narrowing of blood vessel
Thrombosis
The formation of a blood clot in a blood vessel, obstructing the flow of blood through the circulatory system.
Occlusion
Blockage (I.e. Clot)
Most severe form of PAD
Critical limb ischaemia
An aching muscle pain that is brought about by exersise and rapidly relived by rest?
Intermittent claudication
3 e.gs of why individuals with artherosclerosis can present with varied sign and symptoms
Mild atherosclrosis = asymtomatic
End vs anastomoses
Location
2 common lesion locations of artherosclerosis
Left coronary artery
Left internal carotid artery
Where does left coronary artery supply blood to
Left ventricle and left atrium
What is an anastomoses artery?
Arteries that unite with other arteries (limbs=joints)
Function of anastomoses arteries ?
Can provide an alternative channel of supply to a particular area
Sudden occlusion of a vessel(May result in tissue death)
Slow occlusion may allow time for dilation of anastomosing channels & keep tissue supply alive
What is an end artery?
Doesn’t unite with other arteries
If an occlusion develops here than death occurs on tissues supplied by blood vessel
What influences blood flow in veins ?
Respiratory pump
Muscular pump
Presence of valves ensure blood flow indirection towards heart
Plus: gravity, size of lumin, flow from capillaries, venues
Function on veins
Returns deoxygenated blood to the right side of the heart through the superior and inferior vena cava
Function of arteries
Carries oxygenated blood, nutrients, hormones from the left side of the heart to the tissues
Three layers of arteries and veins
Tunica intima (inner) Tunica media (mid) Tunica adventitia (outer)
Tunica intima
Low friction lining of blood vessel
Endothelial cells
Highly selective permeability
Tunia media
Mainly smooth muscle
Tunica adentitia
Connective tissue (elastin and collagen fibres)
Nerve supply of arteries and veins: response to..
Sympathic activity Incr. SA leads to vasoconstriction Reduced SA (or local auto regulation) leads to vasodilation
Arteriole blood supply (compared with veins)
Like veins: supplied my neighbouring arteries (only outer 2 layers)
Unlike veins: inner layer supplied by deffusion from actual blood within artery
Why are vein walls thinner than arteries?
Need to be compressed to return blood to heart
What’s the effect of a larger lumin in veins?
It’s increases the volume of blood pumped back to the heart
Veins are commonly described as?
Superficial or deep
Large arteries have? (Structure)
More elastin in outer layer: near heart so can dilate as a result of the increased pressure