Cardio Flashcards
Which direction does cyanotic move?
R to L
What direction does non-cyanotic move?
L to R
abnormal opening in the septum btw the right and left atrium
atrial septal defect
MC type of ASD?
osmium secundum
systolic ejection murmur, cresendo-decresendo best heard at the pulmonic area with a wide split
ASD
defect in the inter ventricular septum that leads to shunting of blood from the left to right side
VSD
MC congenital heard disease in children
VSD
high pitched holosystolic murmur@ the left lower sternal border
VSD
What is the mnemonic for VSD?
very sharp dagger CHOPS ( common, holocystolic/ high pitched, observation, per membranous, surgery)
What is the most common type of VSD?
perimembranous
What are the three risk factors for tetralogy of fallout?
- Down syndrome 2. Di George syndrome 3. Alagille syndrome
what is the most common signs and symptoms?
cyanosis, tachypnea, tet spell
harsh systolic murmur ejection murmur @ the left sternal border
tetralogy of fallout
What does a chest x-ray show for tetrology of fallout?
boot shaped heart
What is the treatment for tetrology of fallout?
surgery and prostaglandin to maintain PDA
What is mnemonic for tetrology of fallout?
CRAVE oxygen (cyanosis/common, RV hypertrophy/RV outflow, Aprostglandin, VSD, Echo)
narrowing of the descending aorta typically located at the insertion point of the ductus
coarctation of the aorta
What two conditions are seen with coarctation of the aorta?
- bicuspid aortic valve
- turners syndrome
What is the hallmark clinical presentation of coarctation of the aorta?
HTN in upper extremities and hypotension in lower with decreased distal pulses
What does a chest x-ray show with coarctation of the aorta?
posterior rib notching and figure 3 sign
Treatment for coarctation of the aorta?
surgery and prostaglandin to keep PDA open
What are the 4 predisposing factors of PDA?
- premature 2. > F 3. high altitude 4. congenital rubella
What is the patho behind PDA?
increased prostaglandin E1 production
continues Machine like murmur with wide pulse pressure and bounding peripheral pulses
PDA
Treatment for PDA?
Indomethacin/ ibuprofen
HSV 1
ORAL
HSV 2
GENITAL
HSV 3
CHICKENPOX
HSV 4
EBV
HSV 5
CMV
HSV 6
ROSEOLA
Bradycardia in infants
100-160
Bradycardia in toddlers
70 - 120
Bradycardia in pre-schoolers
60 - 100
Bradycardia in school age
50 -90
Bradycardia in adolescents
40 - 80
harsh, medium- to high-pitched pansystolic murmur
VSD
harsh crescendo-decrescendo systolic ejection murmur is auscultated, and an ejection click is auscultated at the apex.
aortic stenosis/ bicuspid aortic valve
child + LAD + Bone pain + fever + > 20% blasts and hepatomegaly/ splenomegaly
ALL
Adults + smudge cells + fatigue + splenomegaly
CLL
adults + auger rods
AML
WBC > 100k + hyperurecemia + philadelphia chromosome
CML
Reed Sternberg cells + painless lymphadenopathy
Hodgkins lymphoma
