Cardiac wink winks Flashcards

1
Q

What are formed from the mesodermal cells?

A

2 longitudinal cell clusters known as angioblastic cords

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2
Q

When in development does the heart begin to beat?

A

Day 22-23

1 mo becomes recognizable as heart and not just cords

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3
Q

When do the four chambers form?

A

28 days

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4
Q

When do the septa and chordae tendinae form?

A

8 wks

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5
Q

What does the umbilical cord consist of?

A

2 umbilical arteries

1 umbilical vein

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6
Q

What do the umbilical arteries do?

A

Take deoxygenated blood away from fetus

Goes through placenta to mom to oxygenate

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7
Q

What does the umbilical vein do?

A

Carry oxygenated blood back to baby

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8
Q

Foramen ovale

A

Flap that passes blood from right atrium to left atrium

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9
Q

Ductus arteriosus

A

Passes blood from pulmonary artery to aorta

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10
Q

What is the general cause of blue baby syndrome?

A

Ductus arteriosus or foramen ovale not closing properly

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11
Q

Eisenmenger syndrome

A

When a left-to-right shunt eventually forces the direction to reverse, causing right-to-left flow to supervene accompanied by the physical findings of hypoxemia and cyanosis

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12
Q

What is the most common cyanotic congenital heart dz after infancy?

A

Tetralogy of Fallot

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13
Q

What will be seen on CXR in tetralogy of Fallot?

A

Boot-shaped heart

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14
Q

What is tx for Tetralogy of Fallot?

A

Subacute bacterial endocarditis prophylaxis for life

Surgical repair

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15
Q

What is seen on CXR in transposition of great arteries?

A

Egg on a string

String is aorta and pulmonary artery

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16
Q

What is the 1st line tx for transposition of the great arteries?

A

Prostaglandin E

Prostaglandins keep shunts open

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17
Q

What is the first line tx for tricuspid atresia?

A

Prostaglandin E

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18
Q

S/sx of truncus arteriosus

A
Bounding peripheral pulses
Single S2 (single valve)
19
Q

Generalized trends of total anomalous pulmonary venous return (TAPVR)

A

Sx depend on obstruction of pulmonary venous drainage

-More cyanosis with obstruction

20
Q

What is the most common cause of cardiac death in the first month of life?

A

Hypoplastic left heart syndrome

21
Q

Tx for hypoplastic left heart syndrome

A

Prostaglandin E
Surgery
-Initial Norwood procedure
-Bidirectional Glenn and Fontan procedure

22
Q

What is the MC congenital heart defect?

A

VSD

23
Q

What is the MC VSD?

A

Perimembranous

24
Q

What can a VSD be associated with?

A

MI

Down syndrome

25
Q

What is the MC ASD?

A

Secundum

26
Q

What is the #1 cause of widened pulse pressures?

A

Aortic regurgitation

27
Q

What are the continuous murmurs?

A

PDA
Pericardial friction rub
Venous hum

28
Q

What is a sign of coarctation of the aorta?

A

Decreased femoral pulses

Low BP to anything distal of the coarctation, high BP to anything proximal of the coarctation

29
Q

What are the three signs of coarctation of the aorta?

A

Cardiomegaly, RVH, pulmonary edema

Rib notching

30
Q

1st line tx of coarctation of aorta

A

Prostaglandin E1

31
Q

Cardiac defect characteristic of DiGeorge syndrome

A

Tetralogy of Fallot

32
Q

What is considered nl BP in peds?

A

Both systolic and diastolic BP <90th percentile

33
Q

Pediatric HTN

A

Either systolic and/or diastolic BP greater than or equal to 95th percentile measured on 3 or more separate occasions

34
Q

Stage 1 HTN- peds

A

Systolic and/or diastolic BP between the 95th percentile and 5 mmHg above the 99th percentile

35
Q

Stage 2 HTN- peds

A

Systolic and/or diastolic BP greater than or equal to 99th percentile plus 5 mmHg

36
Q

Tachycardia and flushing goes with…

A

Coarctation of aorta

Seen with HTN

37
Q

Edema and elevated serum creatinine goes with…

A

Renal artery stenosis

Seen with HTN

38
Q

EKG findings in sudden cardiac arrest (SCA)

A

ST elevation more than 2 mm
ST depression >0.5 mm
T wave inversions

39
Q

What is congenital long QT syndrome associated with?

A

Increased risk of torsades de pointes

40
Q

Criteria for congenital long QT syndrome

A

> 0.44 sec

41
Q

How loud do diastolic murmurs get?

A

Only up to grade 4

42
Q

General characteristics of innocent murmurs?

A

Grade less than or equal to 2
Softer intensity when the pt is sitting compared with when the pt is supine
Short systolic duration (not holosystolic)
Minimal radiation
Musical or vibratory quality

43
Q

What is the most common innocent murmur of early childhood?

A

Still murmur

Loudest in supine position

44
Q

Venous hum

A

Continuous musical hum usually heard after age 2

Best heard with the sitting position