Cardiac Tx

Question 1

➢ is an interdisciplinary team approach to patients with functional limitations secondary to heart disease (HD).
➢ focus is on restoring patients to their optimal
medical, physical, mental, psychologic, social,
emotional, sexual, vocational, and economic
status compatible with the severity of their HD.

Answer 1

I. CARDIAC REHABILITATION

Question 2

➢ Primary prevention of Heart Dse:

Answer 2

○ screening healthy people to identify and
treat risk factors before these illnesses
develop.

Question 3

➢ Secondary preventions of Dse:

Answer 3

○ initiated during CR to improve HD risk factors and limit further morbidity and mortality.

Question 4

➢ Risk Factors modifiable

Answer 4

● Physical
inactivity
● Hypertension
● Smoking
● Dyslipidemia
● Overweight or
obesity
● Diabetes
● Metabolic
syndrome

Question 5

➢ Risk Factors non-modifiable

** Non-modifiable - innate na sa pt na magkaroon
siya ng condition

Answer 5

● Increasing age
● Gender:
male>female
● Prior hx: cardiac, peripheral, vascular, or cerebrovascular dse
● Family hx:
genetics
● Cultural or
socioeconomic

Question 6

➢ Risk Factors for Coronary Artery Disease

Answer 6

○ Physical Inactivity
○ Hypertension
○ Smoking
○ Dyslipidemia
○ Overweight and Obesity
○ Diabetes
○ Metabolic Syndrome:
■ Abdominal obesity: waist
circumference >102 cm (men), >88
cm (women)
■ Triglycerides >150 mg/dL
■ High-density lipoprotein <40 mg/dL
(men), <50 mg/dL (women)
■ Hypertension: >130/85
■ Insulin resistance: fasting blood
glucose>110 mg/dL

Question 7

■ Lifestyle modification without medication is recommended in stage 1 hypertension for 12 months in those with no other risk factors, or 6 months in people with other risk factors.

Answer 7

○ Hypertension

Question 8

■ leading preventable cause of illness
and premature death in the USA.
■ The risk for developing CAD is
reduced by 50% within I year.

Answer 8

○ Smoking

Question 9

■ genetics is the main factor,50% of
HDL levels are accounted for by
overweight, inactivity, smoking, and
diabetes.

Answer 9

○ Dyslipidemia

Question 10

■ defined as a body mass index> 25

kg/m2.

Answer 10

○ Overweight and Obesity

Question 11

○ Metabolic Syndrome:

■ Abdominal obesity:

Answer 11

waist circumference
>102 cm (men),
>88 cm (women)

Question 12

○ Metabolic Syndrome:

■ Triglycerides

Answer 12

> 150 mg/dL

Question 13

○ Metabolic Syndrome:

■ High-density lipoprotein

Answer 13

<40 mg/dL

men), <50 mg/dL (women

Question 14

○ Metabolic Syndrome:

■ Hypertension: >130/85

Answer 14

> 130/85

Question 15

○ Metabolic Syndrome:

■ Insulin resistance:

Answer 15

fasting blood

glucose>110 mg/dL

Question 16

EXERCISE TOLERANCE TEST
➢ Purposes:

➢ Testing modes:
○ Treadmill
○ Cycle Ergometry
○ Step Test
➢ Types:
a. Maximal ETT - defined by target
endpoint heart rate
● Age-adjusted maximum HR
(max HR)
● Heart rate range (Karvonen’s
formula)
b. Submaximal ETT - symptom-limited
● Used to evaluate the early
recovery of patients after MI,
coronary bypass, or coronary
angioplasty
c. Continuous ETT - workload is steadily
progressed usually in 2-3 min. Stages
i. Treadmill test
d. Discontinuous ETT - allows rest in
between stages, used for pts c more
pronounced CAD.
➢ Exercise Protocols
a. Bruce Treadmill
- One of the most commonly used
- Uses large increments every 3
mins (2-3 METs/stage)
- Suited for younger or physically
active individuals.
b. Balke-Ware
- Both uses 1 MET per stage or
lower.
- Preferred for older or
deconditioned pts with chronic
illness
- Pinakamadali to pinakamahirap

Answer 16

○ to determine physiological
responses during a measured
exercise stress
○ allows the determination of
functional exercise capacity of an
individual
○ serves as a basis for exercise
prescription
○ screening measure for
asymptomatic CAD pts