cardiac structure conducting and cycle Part 1

Question 1

1. what 3 basic components make up the heart

Answer 1

• Heart
• Blood
• blood vessels

Question 2

2. what is pulmonary circulation

Answer 2

a closed loop of vessels carrying blood between the heart and the lungs

Question 3

3. what is systemic circulation

Answer 3

A circuit of vessels carrying blood between the heart. and other body systems

Question 4

4. where is the heart located in the body?

Answer 4

lies in thoracic cavity

Question 5

5. Explain the journey of blood after it is oxygenated

Answer 5

1. oxygenated blood returns to the left atrium
2. Blood flows into left ventricle by mitral valve
3. LV pumps blood up into the aortic via the aortic valve to the rest of the body
4. O2 and nutrients in the blood are used by the tissues in cellular respiration and in coronary circulation

Question 6

6. What are 2 similarities between the right and left side of the heart

Answer 6

• both sides of the heart simultaneously pump equal amounts of blood
• Pressure is the force exerted on the vessel walls by the blood pumped by the heart

Question 7

7. Why is the heart muscle on the left side of the heart thicker and stronger? (3 reasons)

Answer 7

left side of heart pumps same volume of blood as the right side but:
- at a higher pressure,
- into higher resistance
- longer system

Question 8

8. What do the pulmonary and aortic valves control?

Answer 8

valves control the flow of blood between the atria and the ventricles

Question 9

9. What does a valve being open/closed depend on

Answer 9

the pressure in the various chambers and arteries

Question 10

10. What 2 things happens when valves do not open or close appropriately

Answer 10

• abnormal flow
• Insufficient cardiac output

Question 11

11. What does a forward pressure gradient cause

Answer 11

• forces valves open

Question 12

12. What does a backward pressure gradient cause

Answer 12

forces valves closed

Question 13

13. Outline the 6 stages of the cardiac cycle.

Answer 13

1. Atrial contraction
2. Isovolumic/isovolumetric contraction
3. ventricular contraction
4. ventricular ejection
5. isovolumic/isovolumetric relaxation
6. ventricular filling

Question 14

14. What causes heart sounds in the cardiac cycle?

Answer 14

close of heart valves at various points in the cardiac cycle

Question 15

15. Explain the process of the heart sounds in relation to valve closure of the tricuspid and bicuspid valve

Answer 15

when these valves close, the turbulent flow of blood and the wobble of fibrous tissue around then cause the first sound

Question 16

what is first heart sound called

Answer 16

S1

Question 17

explain the process of heart sounds in relation to valve closure of the pulmonary and aortic valve

Answer 17

similar to tricuspid and bicuspid valve, turbulent blood flow and wobble of fibrous tissue around then cause second heart sound

Question 18

what is the second heart sound called

Answer 18

S2