Anatomy of the Cardio-Vascular System Flashcards
1
Q
- Where is the superior mediastinum located?
A
through the transverse plane at the sternal angle and disk between 4th and 5th thoracic vertebrae
2
Q
- Where is the inferior mediastinum located?
A
between the transverse thoracic line and diaphragm
3
Q
- Where does the long axis of the heart intersect with?
A
the long axis of the body
4
Q
- What type of layer is the outer layer of the heart
A
Tough, fibrous outer layer
5
Q
- What type of layer is the inner layer of the heart?
A
double serous inner layer
6
Q
- What does the visceral layer of the pericardium make up?
A
the epicardium
7
Q
- What does serous fluid in pericardial space do?
A
facilitates heart movements
8
Q
- When going to the upper body, which 3 passages does the oxygenated blood move into after entering the ascending aorta
A
- brachiocephalic trunk
- left common carotid artery
- left subclavian artery
9
Q
- Which 2 places does the descending aorta take oxygenated blood to?
A
takes oxygenated blood towards abdomen and lower limb
10
Q
- Outline how deoxygenated blood moves in blood circulation starting with the right ventricle
A
From RV , then pulmonary trunk then right and left pulmonary arteries
11
Q
- What connects the pulmonary trunk and aorta in foetal circulation?
A
Ductus arteriosus connects the two
12
Q
- What is the epicardium?
A
the visceral layer of serous pericardium
13
Q
- What muscle makes up the myocardium?
A
involuntary striated cardiac muscle
14
Q
- What cells make up the myocardium
A
cardiomyocytes
15
Q
- What is the endocardium composed of?
A
connective tissue and simple squamous epithelium
16
Q
- Which 3 passages does the right atrium receive blood from?
A
- superior vena cava
- inferior vena cava
- coronary sinus
17
Q
- What 4 structures make up the right atrium
A
- Right auricle
- Pectinate muscles
- Fossa ovalis
- Crista terminalis
18
Q
What 4 structures make up the left atrium
A
- Left auricle
- Fossa ovalis
- Pectinate muscles
- valve of foramen ovale
19
Q
- What valve beginning with M can be found between the left atrium and ventricle?
A
mitral valve
20
Q
- In foetal circulation, what can be found in between the atria?
A
Foramen ovale can be found
21
Q
- Which passage does the right ventricle pump deoxygenated blood into?
A
pulmonary trunk
22
Q
- What 5 structures make up the ventricles?
A
Papillary muscles
Chordae tendinae
Trabeculae carnae
conus arteriosus
septomarginal trabecula
23
Q
- What is the right atrioventricular valve called
A
tricuspid valve
24
Q
- What is the left atrioventricular / mitral valve called?
A
bicuspid valve
25
47. What do papillary muscles prevent?
prevent prolapse
26
48. What are papillary muscles not attached to?
not attached to semilunar valves
27
50. Where is the pulmonary valve located?
Pulmonary valve between the right ventricle and pulmonary trunk
28
52. Where do the right and left coronary arteries originate respectively?
originate in the right and left aortic cusps respectively
29
54. Which 2 places does the right marginal artery supply blood to
supplies blood to the right ventricle and the apex
30
55. What 1 place does the left marginal artery supply blood to?
supplies blood to the left ventricle
31
56. Which 3 places does the left anterior descending artery supply blood to?
supplies blood to the:
- right ventricle
- left ventricle
- inter ventricular septum
32
57. Which 2 places does the left circumflex artery supply blood to?
supplies blood to left atrium and ventricle
33
58. Which 3 places does the posterior interventricular artery supply blood to
supplies blood to:
- left ventricle
- right ventricle
- inter ventricular septum
34
60. What do cardiac veins run parallel to?
Run parallel to the coronary arteries
35
61. Where do the cardiac veins drain into?
Drain into the coronary sinus
36
62. Where does the coronary sinus drain into?
drains into the right atrium
37
64. What 4 structures make up the conducting system of the heart?
SA node
AV node
AV bundle (bundle of His)
Purkinje fibres
