Cardiac Review Flashcards
How do you calculate MAP score?
DBP x2 + SBP / 3
What can you delegate for DVT prevention?
Ambulation, SCDs, hydration, I&Os
When does it become Sinus Tach
HR greater than 100
When does it become SVT?
HR greater than 150
What do you look at if someone is tachycardic?
Look at the vitals
What can make you tachycardiac?
Stress, fever, pain. TEMP!
What should you implement if someone has increased lipids?
Encourage lifestyle changes. Diet, exercise, weight loss.
What lab do we check for cardiac?
Troponin
Patient comes in for chest pain, what do we order?
ECG
Why do we need to weight a patient with CHF?
We need to know if they are retaining fluid and why
What does physical exercise improve?
Circulation, lipids/triglycerides, insulin resistance
S/S of right sided HF
Edema, JVD, weight gain, LARGE LIVER
If patient is in AFIB what are we ordering?
Echo and BNP
If a patient has low sodium what do we implement?
Increase sodium intake and decrease fluids
If a patients HDL is low what do you give them? What do you monitor?
Give a statin like atorvastatin and monitor liver enzymes
Left sided HR assessment?
Crackles, frothy sputum, confusion, tachycardia, palpitations
What do we see with NSTEMI?
Partial blockage, ST is depressed, P wave inverted and troponin increases
What is the worst manifestation with hypothyroidism?
Myxedema coma
CAD manifestations?
Elevated LDL, smoking, increased BMI, decreased activity and exercise
Risk factors of metabolic syndrome and CAD?
Large waist, high BP, diabetes
Diagnostic studies for cardiac?
EKG, 12 lead, troponin, CK-MB
Procedures for cardiac?
Cath
What is lisinopril and what can it cause?
It is an ACE inhibitor and can cause elevated potassium
Side effects of ACEs?
Dry cough
What medications do we give AFIB? AND WHY?
Give anticoagulants like aspirin and clopidogrel because of risk of stroke and clots
What are beta blockers contraindicated in?
Asthma patients because of bronchospasm
What manifestations happen in thyroid storm?
Fever, tachycardia, palpitations
What manifestations are seen with AFIB?
SOB, chest pain, dizziness, palpitations
What happens when youre in actue HF?
HR and respirations are down
Where is the point of maximum impulse?
Apical pulse
How to decrease spread of infections?
Wash hands, wipe surfaces, clean gloves
Can you give non-family members information?
NO. HIPPA violation
Why do we give AFIB patients anticoagulants?
Atria is quivering, it can cause blood to pool in the chambers and cause clots
Clonidine patch rules?
Change every 7 days, hairless site, can wear when you bathe
What is clonidine for?
High blood pressure
What is losartan? Side effects and what can it cause? Pt teaching?
This is an ARB. Fewer side effects vs ACE. Can cause hyperkalemia and angioedema. Be careful with salt substitutes!
What is metoprolol for? Side effects? Contraindications?
Beta blocker. Blocks epinephrine and adrenaline to slow heart and provide more effective beat. Side effects are bronchospasms and contraindicated in asthma patients.
What’s amlodipine?
CCB for relaxing blood vessels and decreases heart workload
What is the main statin given? What do we monitor?
Atorvastatin to control LDL in blood. Monitor liver enzymes.
Someone with left sided HF what do we assess?
Lung and breath sounds
What do we check for with fluid imbalance?
s/s dehydration and urine specific gravity
What’s a risk of CAD?
High blood pressure
Patient is nauseous, yellow vision, what do we test for?
Digoxin toxicity and potassium levels
If a patient is bruising easily, what could be the cause?
Patient could be on coumadin
Antidote for coumadin?
Vitamin K
Ischemia
low oxygen from narrowed arteries
Infarction
No oxygen from sudden blockage
If someone has bypass graft surgery what do we need to assess?
Pulses and if there’s any numbness
What do nitrates do?
increase blood flow to the heart in times of ischemia
What is nitroglycerin for?
Chest pain
What happens if we use ACE, ARB, and renin inhibitors together
Can be HARMFUL! increase the risk of adverse effects, including kidney failure, hypotension, and hyperkalemia
What do we assess before giving metoprolol?
HR and BP. If HR is below 60, hold!
What is cardiac tamponade?
Fluid accumulates in pericardium putting pressure on the heart and prevents it from pumping effectively
TX for cardiac tamponade?
Pericardiocentesis
AFIB rate?
Typically >100
