Cardiac Rehabilitation Flashcards
Heart Disease risk factors?
controllable
not controllable
controllable: smoking, diabetes, obesity, high lipids, high cholesterol HTN, lack of exercise, stress
not controllable: age, sex, family history
myocardial infarction
HA
block in A, part of heart deprived of O2
Coronary Artery Disease (CAD)
Plaque build-up in Aa
Most common, leading cause of death
internal wall of A changes shape, collects plaque
A clogged, more narrow = atherosclerosis
Treatment and OT intervention for CAD
coronary A bypass, graft, valve replacement, open heart surgery
sternal precautions, HEP
Congestive Heart Failure (CHF)
Heart unable to pump blood at adequate strength, can be caused by CAD, fluid backs up into lungs, SOB, enlarged heard
Treatment for CHF
decreased sodium, decreased fluids, grading of activities, energy conservation
Afib
irregular and ineffective contractions in both atria, failure of proper valve closure, can cause blood clots and lead to CVA
Cardiomyopathy
Dz of heart muscles
difficult to properly pump blood to body
Symptoms: SOB, swollen legs and belly
meds, surgery, transplant, angioplasty, stent with drug coating, atherectomy
Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA angio)
catheter inserted into femoral A, through circulatory system into coronary Aa, radioactive dye injected, balloon inflated at site to push plaque against wall, balloon deflated, catheter removed
=improved circulation
CABG
diseased section of coronary Aa bypassed with healthy blood vessels taken from other parts of body, open heart surgery
Inpt OT Tx
Monitor ECG, BP, HR
progression of ADLs with METs
\monitor symptoms
HEP
Outpt OT Tx
3x/week for 4-8 weeks
activity tolerance with progression of METs
weight training 2-4x/week if symptoms controlled
edu in risk factor mod
psychosocial referral if indicated
work hardening?
Community Tx
physician referral
stress test
continuation of phase 2 activity progression with METs
progress is tolerates with less supervision
COPD
damage to alveolar wall and inflammation in conduction airways
emphysema
alveoli enlarged or ruptured, decrease elasticity
Chronic bronchitis
long-term inflammation of bronchioles, diagnosed after 2 years, repeated episodes lasting longer than 3 months
Symptoms of respiratory conditions
dyspnea, SOB, sputum production, fatigue, anxiety, depression, decreased nutrition, cough
OT eval of pulmonary conditions
ADL asses, ROM, MMT, sensation, cognition, monitor HR, BP, SpO2, daily activity interview
OT interventions for pulmonary conditions
ADL training, bathing, dressing of one extremity at a time, rest breaks, pursed lip breathing, diaphragmatic breathing, dyspnea controllable posturing, UE strengthening, stress management training
dyspnea controllable posturing
lean forearms on knees/surface, propping self, relieves anxiety/SOB
pursed lip breathing
slowly exhale through purse slips
inhale deeply through nose
exhale 2x longer than inhalation
