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Cardiopulmonary PT > Cardiac Rehab Lecture 1 > Flashcards

Cardiac Rehab Lecture 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What is Cardiopulmonary PT?

A

The purpose of CPPT is to prevent, mitigate, or reverse cardiopulmonary dysfunction, and hence, the impairment of or threat to oxygen transport

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2
Q

What is oxygen transport?

A

OT refers to the delivery, uptake, and extraction of oxygen at the tissue level, thus it reflects the adequacy of the structure and function of the airways, lungs, pulmonary circulation, blood, heart, peripheral circulation, microcirculation, and tissue

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3
Q

CPPT Interventions?

A

Include mobilization, exercise, body positioning, breathing control, coughing and airway clearance maneuvers, and manual techniques

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4
Q

Layers of cardiac tissue

A

Endocardium: innermost part of heart
Myocardium: middle layer of heart
Epicardium: Outer layer of heart
Pericardium: Fibrous sac that surrounds heart. Creates the pericardial cavity around the heart

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5
Q

Muscles of Inspiration

A

External Intercostals & Diaphragm

Secondary: SCM, Scalenes (ant, mid, post), pec major/minor, serratus ant, lat dorsi, serratus posterior anterior

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6
Q

Muscles of Expiration

A

Internal Intercostals, intercostalis intimi, and subcostals.

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7
Q

Acessory Muscles of Inspiration

A

Secondary: SCM, Scalenes (ant, mid, post), pec major/minor, serratus ant, lat dorsi, serratus posterior anterior

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8
Q

Accessory Muscles of Expiration

A

Rectus abdominis, external oblique, internal oblique, and transversus abdominis.

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9
Q

Pleura

A

Continuous membranous sacs, which cover each lung

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10
Q

Parietal Pleura

A

outer portion of pleural sac

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11
Q

Visceral Pleura

A

surface in contact with the lung tissue (parenchyma)

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12
Q

Pleural Space

A

Potential space between parietal and visceral pleurae

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13
Q

Primary Function of Lungs

A

Supply the body with O2 and remove CO2
In order for continuous gas exchange to take place there must be adequate ventilation, diffusion and profusion of the alveoli

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14
Q

Ventilation

A

Process by which air moves into the lungs

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15
Q

Normal Inspiration

A

Alveolar pressure less than or equal to atmospheric

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16
Q

Normal Expiration

A

Alveolar pressure greater than or equal to atmospheric

17
Q

Compliance

A

Ease to which the lungs can be inflated during inspiration

18
Q

Surfactant

A

Complex lipoprotein which lines the alveoli, it increases compliance by lowering surface tension. A decrease in surfactant causes alveoli to collapse. 28 weeks for infant to produce

19
Q

Upper Airway

A

Nose, pharynx, larynx

20
Q

Lower Airway

A

Trachea, primary bronchi, and lungs

21
Q

Conductive Zone

A

Consists of the nose, pharnx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, and bronchioles. Forms continuous passageway for air

22
Q

Respiratory Zone

A

Found deep inside the lungs and is made up of bronchioles, alveolar ducts, and alveoli. Allow for diffusion/perfusion and exchange of gasses

23
Q

Diffusion

A

Oxygen movement across alveolar membrane into the pulmonary arterial circulation

24
Q

5 Factors of Diffusion

A
  1. Area of alveolar capillary membrane
  2. Diffusion capacity of the alveolar capillary membrane
  3. pulmonary capillary blood volume
  4. Ventilation rate (oxygen)
  5. Perfusion rate (blood)
25
Q

Perfusion (Q)

A

Refers to the process of providing blood to an area via capillaries

26
Q

Voluntary Control of Breathing

A

Cerebral cortex, holding breath or hyperventilating will increase or decrease PaCO2

27
Q

Involuntary Control

A

(Pons, medulla, and reticular formation): Mediate the basic sequence of breathing so that it is even and rhythmical. Unconciously adapt to changes in activity level mainting optimal PaO2 and PaCO2 levels

28
Q

Neutral Control on Respiration

A

When respiration is controlled only from medulla: rate is slow and irregular, TV is low
Pons: responsible for maintenance of a normal pattern of respiration

29
Q

Central Chemoreceptors

A

Located on the ventral lateral surface of the medulla.

Receptors respond to an increase in arterial PCO2 which increase rate and depth of ventilation

30
Q

Peripheral Chemoreceptors

A

Are located along carotid bodies and aortic bodies.
Receptors respond to an increase in arterial PCO2 by increasing ventilation
Primary function of peripheral is to respond to hypoxemia by increasing ventilation

31
Q

Joint and Muscle Receptors

A

Receptors located within these tissues respond to movement, increasing ventilation in anticipation of movement/activity
stroke may impact indirectly w/baroreceptors

32
Q

Mechanoreceptors

A

Receptors in carotid and aortic sinuses experience corresponding pressure changes when there is change in the systemic blood pressure
Increased BP: hypoventilation
Decreased BP: hyperventilation

Cardiopulmonary PT (4 decks)

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