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Fall 2014 - HP1 Cardio > Cardiac & Peripheral Vascular Hx > Flashcards

Cardiac & Peripheral Vascular Hx Flashcards

1
Q

Trace blood flow through the heart.

A
  • deoxygenated blood from SVC and IVC enters right atrium
  • passes to right ventricle through tricuspid
  • deoxy blood sent through pulmonary arteries to the lungs
  • oxygenated blood return to left atrium via pulmonary veins
  • goes to left ventricle through bicuspid
  • blood ejected through aorta to rest of body
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2
Q

Trace the Electrical Conduction System

A

SA node –> AV node –> Bundle of His –> Purkinke

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3
Q

P wave

A

atrial depolarization (SA node)

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4
Q

PR interval

A

time from atrial depolarization to ventricular depolarization

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5
Q

QRS complex

A

ventricular depolarization

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6
Q

T wave

A

ventricular repolarization

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7
Q

Pericardium

A
  • double-walled fibrous sac

- fluid btw the inner and outer layers of pericardium

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8
Q

Epicardium

A

-thin, outermost muscle layer on surface of heart

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9
Q

Myocardium

A
  • thick, muscular middle layer

- responsible for pumping of ventricles

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10
Q

Endocardium

A
  • innermost layer of the heart

- lines chambers and valves

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11
Q

Systole

A

period of cardiac cycle when blood is ejected from the ventricles

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12
Q

Diastole

A

period of cardiac cycle when blood enters relaxed heart

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13
Q

Stroke Volume

A

amount of blood ejected form left ventricle in one contraction

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14
Q

Heart Rate

A

of ejections/pumps in one minute

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15
Q

Cardiac Output

A

HR x stroke volume

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16
Q

Angina

A
  • cardiac chest px precipitated by stress of physical exertion
  • alleviated by rest and/or nitro
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17
Q

Dyspnea on Exertion (DOE)

A

SOB precipitated by physical activity

18
Q

Palpitations

A

unpleasant awareness of one’s heart rate, esp if rapid or irregular

19
Q

Edema

A

serous fluid collected in dependent tissues (lowest area of body - might be feet or might be butt/thighs) due to improper pump function

20
Q

Orthopnea

A

SOB precipitated by being in a supine position

21
Q

Family Hx for Cardiac

A
  • DM
  • heart dz
  • hyperlipidemia
  • HTN
  • congenital heart defects
  • sudden death
22
Q

Social Hx for Cardiac

A
  • smoking
  • diet/nutrition
  • alcohol consumption
  • illicit drugs
  • employment risks
  • exercise and activity pattern
23
Q

High Risk, Non-Modifiable Risk Factors

A
  • age
  • male
  • heredity: family hx of CAD/PAD = more likely to develop
  • race: AA, Mexican Am, Am Indians, and some Asian Am
24
Q

High Risk, Modifiable Risk Factors

A
  • smoking (CAD risk 2-4x greater than non smoker)
  • high cholesterol (over 180)
  • HTN (over 120/80)
  • overweight and obesity
  • DM
25
Q

Ischemia (angina, MI) Signs/Sxs

A
  • worse with exertion, better with rest
  • radiates to arms, jaw
  • N&V +/- SOB
26
Q

Aortic Dissection Signs/Sxs

A
  • ripping/tearing px

- radiates between scapulae

27
Q

Pericarditis Signs/Sxs

A
  • sharp and/or pleuritic in nature
  • preceded by viral illness
  • relieved by leaning forward
28
Q

Pulmonary Embolism Signs/Sxs

A
  • sharp and/or pleuritic in nature
  • acute onset
  • associated with dyspnea
  • may be preceded by calf pain
  • well localized
  • may have cough or hemoptysis
29
Q

Cardiac Musculoskeletal Signs/Sxs

A
  • poorly localized
  • preceded by physical injury
  • gradual onset
  • aggravated by palpation/use
30
Q

Define: Peripheral Vascular System

A
  • all circulatory vessels outside the heart
  • in clinical practice, all vessels outside the thorax
  • technically includes the coronary vessels
  • generally refers to arteries, not veins
31
Q

Arteries

A
  • muscular vessels that carry oxygenated blood from the heart to the tissues
  • thin to arterioles then capillaries
32
Q

Veins

A
  • carry deoxygenated blood from extremities back to heart

- propulsion of venous blood largely by contraction of large skeletal muscles

33
Q

Lymph Vessels

A
  • network of vessels that collect serum leaked into interstitial areas around capillaries
  • drain back into venous circulation to re-join circulating blood volume
  • contain lymph nodes that filter contaminants prior to re-joining blood
34
Q

Pulse

A

palpable distention of arteries corresponding with cardiac contraction

35
Q

Thrill

A

palpable turbulence of flow within a vessel

36
Q

Heave

A

palpable pulsations over an abnormally distended organ

37
Q

Claudication

A

ischemic pain in an extremity exacerbated by exercise or exertion

38
Q

Pallor

A

pale coloration of surface anatomy due to poor arterial circulation

39
Q

Pitting Edema

A

peripheral swelling caused by poor venous and lymphatic return

40
Q

Stasis

A

stagnant venous return, usually from LEs

41
Q

Thrombus

A

clot within a vessel

42
Q

Embolus

A

clot that moves through circulation from original location to other areas

Fall 2014 - HP1 Cardio (5 decks)

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