Cardiac Pathology Flashcards
ischaemic heart disease definition
group of syndromes resulting from myocardial ischaemia
aetiology of IHD
coronary artery atherosclerosis
clinical syndromes of IHD
MI - transmural, subendocardial
angina pectoralis
chronic IHD with heart failure
sudden cardiac death
complications of MI
arrythmias congestive cardiac failure thromboembolism pericarditis ventricular aneurysm cardiac tamponade cardiogenic shock
markers of MI
troponin T and I creatinine kinase MB myoglobin lactate dehydrogenase AST
primary hypertension definition
sustained diastolic >90
sustained systolic >140
cushing’s syndrome
cortisol - sympathetic NS and acts like aldosterone
Conn’s disease
aldosterone
pheochromocytoma
catecholamines - adrenaline and nor-adrenaline
coarctation of aorta
congenital narrowing
renal artery stenosis
juxtaglomerular apparatus stimulated to produce renin
malignant hypertension
> 180/120
clinical signs of organ damage
retina haemorrhages
clinical manifestations of malignant hypertension
angina
MI
arrhythmias
congestive heart failure
true aneurysms
all layers of BV involved
pseudoaneurysms
blood leaks through wall but is contained by adventitia
dissection
breach in intima allows blood to collect between intima and media
insidious congestive heart failure
cummulative effects of chronic workload
HTN, valve disease
acute congestive heart failure
haemodynamic stress: fluid overload and large MI
left sided symptoms
pulmonary congestion
cerebral hypoxia
right sided symptoms
engorgement of systemic and venous systems
ascites, splenomegaly, pleural/pericardial effusion, oedema
calcific aortic stenosis =
LVH, ischaemia, angina, CHF
causes of aortic regurgitation
rheumatic heart disease
infection
aortic dilatations
causes of mitral reguritation
MVP infection papillary muscles chordae tendinae calcification of MV
what is mitral valve prolapse
abnormal bulging of one or both mitral valve leaflets into LA during ventricular systole
