Cardiac Output/Mechanics

Question 1

Ejection fraction equation

Answer 1

EF = (EDV-ESV)/EDV

Question 2

Normal ejection fraction

Answer 2

50-70%

Question 3

What is the frank starling law

Answer 3

if you stretch the ventricle it will contract more forcefully

Question 4

Mechanism of action of frank starling effect

Answer 4

maximize myosin and actin overlap, increase affinity of troponin C to Ca2+

Question 5

Measures of preload on the right side

Answer 5

central venous pressure (CVP), Right atrial pressure (RAP)

Question 6

Measure of preload on the left side

Answer 6

Pulmonary Capillary Wedge Pressure (PCWP), Left atrial pressure (LAP), Left Ventricular end diastolic pressure (LVEDP)

Question 7

3 mechanisms of autonomic activation of inotropic state

Answer 7

cAMP/PKA pathway 1)phosphorylates Ca+ channels for more influx of calcium, 2) phosphorylates phospholamban which increases SERCA activity, releasing more Ca+ from SR, 3)phosphorylates myofilaments to increase sensitivity of TnC to Ca+