Cardiac Output & Blood Flow-Lecture 20 Exam 4

Question 1

End-Diastolic Volume (EDV)

Answer 1

Amount of blood in each ventricle
at the end of ventricular diastole
(just before contraction begins)

Question 2

End-Systolic Volume (ESV)

Answer 2

Amount of blood remaining in each ventricle at the end of ventricular systole

Question 3

Changes in EDV that will affect Stroke Volume (SV)

Answer 3

-Filling Time
-Increase filling time -> Increase EDV
-Decrease filling time -> Decrease EDV
-Venous Return (blood returning to left side from lungs and to right side from body)
-Increase venous return -> Increase EDV
-Decrease venous return -> Decrease EDV

Question 4

Changes in ESV that will affect Stroke Volume (SV)

Answer 4

-Contractility of cardiac muscle cells
-Increase contractility -> Decrease ESV
-Decrease contractility -> Increase ESV
-Hormonal control of blood vessel diameter
-Vasoconstriction -> Increases ESV
-Vasodilation -> Decreases ESV

Question 5

Predict How Changes in Heart Rate (HR) and/or Stroke Volume (SV) Will Affect Cardiac Output

Answer 5

-Increase in Heart Rate and/or Stroke Volume = Increase in Cardiac Output
-Decrease in Heart Rate and/or Stroke Volume = Decrease in Cardiac Output

Question 6

Blood Flow

Answer 6

The movement of blood throughout the body, delivering oxygen, nutrients, & other essential substances while removing waste products

Question 7

Blood Pressure

Answer 7

The force of blood pushing against artery walls, measured in millimeters of mercury (mm Hg)

Question 8

Peripheral Resistance

Answer 8

The resistance in the circulatory system that is used to create blood pressure, the flow of blood, & is also a component of cardiac function

Question 9

How does fluid flow relate to pressure and resistance?

Answer 9

-Flow is directly proportional to change in pressure
-Inversely proportional to the resistance

Question 10

Describe the role of arterioles and precapillary sphincters in regulating blood flow to tissues
via capillaries

Answer 10

-Arterioles control the overall blood flow into a tissue by adjusting their diameter
-Precapillary sphincters at the entrance to capillaries control the specific flow into individual capillary beds