cardiac output 266

Question 1

Cardiac output

Answer 1

stroke volume(SV)x heart rate(HR)

Question 2

Fick principle

Answer 2

CO= Rate of O2 consumption/arterial O2 content–venous O2 content

Question 3

Mean Arterial pressure(MAP)

Answer 3

CO X total peripheral resistance(TPR)

2/3diastolic pressure+1/3 systolic pressure

Question 4

Pulse pressure

Answer 4

systolic pressure – diastolic pressure

pulse pressure is proportional to SV, inversely proportional to arterial compliance

Question 5

Stroke volume

Answer 5

end-diastolic(EDV) – end-systolic volume(ESV)

Question 6

During early stage of exercise

Answer 6

CO is maintained by increased HR and increased SV

Question 7

During late stage of exercise

Answer 7

CO is maintained by increased HR only (SV plateaus)

Question 8

increase pulse pressure in

Answer 8

hyperthyroidism, aortic regurgitation, aortic stiffening(isolated systolic hypertension in elderly), obstructive sleep apnea(increased sympathetic tone), exercise(transient).

Question 9

decreased pulse pressure in

Answer 9

aortic stenosis, cardiogenic shock, cardiac tamponade, advanced heart failure(HF)

Question 10

Allantois–urachus

Answer 10

median umbilical ligament

urachus is part of allantoic duct between bladder and umbilicus

Question 11

Ductus arteriosus

Answer 11

ligamentum arteriosum

Question 12

ductus venous

Answer 12

ligamentum venousum

Question 13

foramen ovale

Answer 13

fossa ovalis

Question 14

notochord

Answer 14

nucleus pulposus

Question 15

umbilical arteries

Answer 15

medial umbilical ligaments

Question 16

umbilical vein

Answer 16

ligamentum teres hepatis

contained in falciform ligament