Cardiac Output

Question 1

What happens during Systole?

Answer 1

Contraction

Question 2

What valves open during Systole?

Answer 2

Semilunar
Aortic and Pulmonic

Question 3

What valves closes during Systole?

Answer 3

AV
Mitral and Tricuspid

Question 4

What happens during Diastole?

Answer 4

Relaxation

Question 5

What valves open during Diastole?

Answer 5

AV
Mitral and Tricuspid

Question 6

What valves closes during Diastole?

Answer 6

Semilunar
Aortic and pulmonic

Question 7

Cardiac Output

Answer 7

Volume of blood pumped by left ventricle in 1 minute

Question 8

Stroke Volume

Answer 8

Amount of blood ejected from left ventricle during contraction.

Question 9

Preload

Answer 9

Amount of blood remaining in left ventricle at the end of diastole causing it to stretch.

Question 10

Afterload

Answer 10

Amount of resistance the heart has to work against to eject blood.

Question 11

Contractility

Answer 11

Force required to eject blood from left ventricle.

Question 12

Describe the Electrical Conduction of the heart

Answer 12

Electrical Impulses move from
SA Node (Heart’s Pacemaker)
Atrioventricular
Bundle of His
Right and Left Bundle Branches
Purkinje Fibers

Question 13

Why is the electrical impulses important?

Answer 13

Responsible for the Normal Sinus Rhythm

Question 14

Modifiable Risk factors for Cardiopulmonary Disease

Answer 14

Exercise (30-60 min/day recommended)
Poor Diet-Obesity
Smoking
Stress
HTN
Hyperlipidemia

Question 15

Nonmodifiable Risk factors for Cardiopulmonary Disease

Answer 15

Age and Family History

Question 16

What subjective findings might a patient with cardiopulmonary dysfunction report?

Answer 16

Shortness of breath
Palpitations
Chest Pain
Cold Extremities

Question 17

What vital signs would be most important to assess in a patient with Cardiopulmonary Disease?

Answer 17

HR
BP
RR
O2 Stats

Question 18

Why are daily weights so important to monitor in patients with cardiovascular disease?

Answer 18

Most adequate measurements of fluid retention/ loss

Question 19

What might a nurse inspect in a patient in acute respiratory distress?

Answer 19

Use of accessory muscles
Retractions
Restlessness
Cyanosis

Question 20

What might a nurse inspect in a patient experiencing circulatory impairment?

Answer 20

Pallor
Jugular Vein Distention
Edema

Question 21

How does a nurse palpate respiratory excursion?

Answer 21

Stand behind patient, place both hands on each side of the patient’s back with thumbs about 2 incheas apart and have patient inhale- should move symmetrically

Question 22

Tactile Fremitus

Answer 22

A vibration felt in the chest wall during palpation while the patient is speaking

Question 23

How does a nurse palpate tactile fremitus?

Answer 23

Place palms of hands on patients back while they are speaking.

Question 24

How does a nurse palpate for edema?

Answer 24

Heat

Question 25

Pleural Effusion

Answer 25

A buildup of fluid in the pleural space

Question 26

Pneumothorax

Answer 26

Air in the pleural space causing the lungs to completely or partially collapse

Question 27

Non-pitting edema

Answer 27

no indentation. Happens with acute local injury or thyroid or lymphatic dysfunction.

Question 28

Pitting Edema

Answer 28

Indentation (scored 1-4) Happens with heart, liver or kidney dysfunction.

Question 29

Why does the nurse palpate for symmetry in peripheral pulses?

Answer 29

Assess for strength and equality on both sides

Question 30

What does a cap refill of greater than 3 seconds indicate?

Answer 30

Impaired circulation or oxygenation

Question 31

Hypoxemia

Answer 31

Decreased O2 in blood

Question 32

Hypoxia

Answer 32

Decreased O2 in tissues

Question 33

What are the causes of Hypoxia?

Answer 33

Decreased RBC Decreased diffusion High altitudes

Question 34

What are the signs and symptoms of hypoxia?

Answer 34

Restlessness Confusion Tachycardia (bradycardia seen in late stages of hypoxia)

Question 35

Chronic Hypoxia

Answer 35

Clubbing of nails seen. Body compensates by increasing amount of blood that reached the tissues (increasing HR) increased hemoglobin.