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Unit 12 > Cardiac Output > Flashcards

Cardiac Output Flashcards

1
Q

What happens during Systole?

A

Contraction

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2
Q

What valves open during Systole?

A

Semilunar
Aortic and Pulmonic

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3
Q

What valves closes during Systole?

A

AV
Mitral and Tricuspid

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4
Q

What happens during Diastole?

A

Relaxation

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5
Q

What valves open during Diastole?

A

AV
Mitral and Tricuspid

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6
Q

What valves closes during Diastole?

A

Semilunar
Aortic and pulmonic

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7
Q

Cardiac Output

A

Volume of blood pumped by left ventricle in 1 minute

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8
Q

Stroke Volume

A

Amount of blood ejected from left ventricle during contraction.

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9
Q

Preload

A

Amount of blood remaining in left ventricle at the end of diastole causing it to stretch.

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10
Q

Afterload

A

Amount of resistance the heart has to work against to eject blood.

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11
Q

Contractility

A

Force required to eject blood from left ventricle.

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12
Q

Describe the Electrical Conduction of the heart

A

Electrical Impulses move from
SA Node (Heart’s Pacemaker)
Atrioventricular
Bundle of His
Right and Left Bundle Branches
Purkinje Fibers

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13
Q

Why is the electrical impulses important?

A

Responsible for the Normal Sinus Rhythm

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14
Q

Modifiable Risk factors for Cardiopulmonary Disease

A

Exercise (30-60 min/day recommended)
Poor Diet-Obesity
Smoking
Stress
HTN
Hyperlipidemia

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15
Q

Nonmodifiable Risk factors for Cardiopulmonary Disease

A

Age and Family History

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16
Q

What subjective findings might a patient with cardiopulmonary dysfunction report?

A

Shortness of breath
Palpitations
Chest Pain
Cold Extremities

17
Q

What vital signs would be most important to assess in a patient with Cardiopulmonary Disease?

A

HR
BP
RR
O2 Stats

18
Q

Why are daily weights so important to monitor in patients with cardiovascular disease?

A

Most adequate measurements of fluid retention/ loss

19
Q

What might a nurse inspect in a patient in acute respiratory distress?

A

Use of accessory muscles
Retractions
Restlessness
Cyanosis

20
Q

What might a nurse inspect in a patient experiencing circulatory impairment?

A

Pallor
Jugular Vein Distention
Edema

21
Q

How does a nurse palpate respiratory excursion?

A

Stand behind patient, place both hands on each side of the patient’s back with thumbs about 2 incheas apart and have patient inhale- should move symmetrically

22
Q

Tactile Fremitus

A

A vibration felt in the chest wall during palpation while the patient is speaking

23
Q

How does a nurse palpate tactile fremitus?

A

Place palms of hands on patients back while they are speaking.

24
Q

How does a nurse palpate for edema?

A

Heat

25
Q

Pleural Effusion

A

A buildup of fluid in the pleural space

26
Q

Pneumothorax

A

Air in the pleural space causing the lungs to completely or partially collapse

27
Q

Non-pitting edema

A

no indentation. Happens with acute local injury or thyroid or lymphatic dysfunction.

28
Q

Pitting Edema

A

Indentation (scored 1-4)
Happens with heart, liver or kidney dysfunction.

29
Q

Why does the nurse palpate for symmetry in peripheral pulses?

A

Assess for strength and equality on both sides

30
Q

What does a cap refill of greater than 3 seconds indicate?

A

Impaired circulation or oxygenation

31
Q

Hypoxemia

A

Decreased O2 in blood

32
Q

Hypoxia

A

Decreased O2 in tissues

33
Q

What are the causes of Hypoxia?

A

Decreased RBC
Decreased diffusion
High altitudes

34
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of hypoxia?

A

Restlessness
Confusion
Tachycardia
(bradycardia seen in late stages of hypoxia)

35
Q

Chronic Hypoxia

A

Clubbing of nails seen.
Body compensates by increasing amount of blood that reached the tissues (increasing HR) increased hemoglobin.

Unit 12 (7 decks)

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