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Pharm > Cardiac Mod 2 > Flashcards

Cardiac Mod 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Treatment for coronary artery disease

A

BP control with meds
surgery
anticoagulants
anticolesterol meds
nitrates
beta blockers
ccbs

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2
Q

Is the deficit of oxygen to The myocardium usually caused by atherosclerotic plaque that narrows/blocks coronary arterial blood flow

A

Angina

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3
Q

Chest pain is unrelieved by rest and nitroglycerin last longer than 30 minutes short as a breath nausea vomiting diaphoresis all indicate what

A

Myocardial infarction

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4
Q

Treatment and management of MI

A

Oxygen
Aspirin
Nitroglycerin
Morphine

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5
Q

What drugs decrease myocardial oxygen demand

A

Nitrates
beta blockers
calcium channel blockers

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6
Q

Adverse effects with-PRILS

A

Hyperkalemia
angioedema
neutropenia
increases risk for infection
over 100.5 fever
COUGH

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7
Q

-SARTAN can cause

A

Hyperkalemia
angioedema

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8
Q

What is the Moa of nitroglycerin

A

Decreases resistance to blood flow in arterial system
decreases preload and afterload helps the heart receive more O2 and pump easier

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9
Q

Nitrates is used to

A

Relieve acute angina
prevent angina
used after patient has a heart attack or heart failure

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10
Q

Side effects for nitrates

A

HEADACHE
minor decrease in BP

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11
Q

Patient taking Verapamil - Diltiazem would like to know the signs and symptoms of this medication

A

Orthostatic hypertension
peripheral edema
headache
constipation
Steven Johnson syndrome

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12
Q

What are the sodium channel blockers (class I) for ventricular dysrhythmias and svts

A

•Lidocaine
•Quinadine
•Procainamide

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13
Q

A patient that has ventricular dysrhythmias is getting a new medication provided by the healthcare provider what medication could this be?

A

Lidocaine

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14
Q

A patient showing signs of SVT was put on procainamide what teachings should the nurse tell the patient

A

To monitor
•heart rate
•blood pressure
•ECG
•GI signs and symptoms
•This can cause urinary retention increase fall risk due to confusion

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15
Q

Side effects for sodium channel blockers (lidocaine, procainamide, quinidine)

A

•Hypotension
•Dysrhythmias
•Lupus
•Leukopenia
•Thrombocytopenia

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16
Q

Potassium channel blockers

A

AMIDARONE

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17
Q

What is Amidarone used for?

A

Reduces heart rate ♡
used for dysrhythmias including
•V-fib
•V-tac

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18
Q

What are some serious issues potassium channel blockers (Amidarone) can cause

A

Pulmonary issues/toxicity
dizziness
hypotension
photosensitivity
bradycardia
thyroid dysfunction
liver toxicity

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19
Q

Spironolactone is a

A

Potassium sparing diuretic

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20
Q

Which action by the nurse is most important when caring for a patient with chronic kidney disease who has an order for Furosemide
1. Assess your output in renal laboratory values for signs of nephro toxicity
2. Check the specific gravity of the urine daily
3. Eliminate potassium rich foods from diet
4. Encourage the patient to void every 4 hours

A

Assess urine output in Reno laboratory values for signs of nephrotoxicity

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21
Q

The patient admitted for heart failure has been receiving hydrochlorothiazide. Which laboratory levels should the nurse carefully monitor (select all that apply
1. Platelet cout
2. WBC
3. Potassium
4. Sodium
5. Uric Acid

A

Potassium
sodium
uric acid

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22
Q

The nurse is providing teaching to a patient who has been prescribed Furosemide. Which of the following should the nurse teach the patient?
1. Avoid consuming large amounts of kale, cauliflower, or cabbage
2. Rise solely from a lying or sitting position to standing
3. Count the pulse for 1 minute before taking this medication
4. Restrict fluid intake to no more than 1 L per 24-hour period

A
  1. Rice slowly from a lying or sitting position to standing
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23
Q

A patient with a history of heart failure will be started on spironolactone. Which drug group should not be used, or used with Extreme Caution in patients taking potassium sparing diuretics
1. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
2. Corticosteroids
3. Loop diuretics
4. ACE inhibitors or ARBs

A

4.

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24
Q

What can increase the risk for digoxin toxicity

A

Hypocalemia or hyperkalemia

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25
Q

The nifedipine has been ordered for a patient with hypertension. In the care plan the nurse includes the need to monitor for which adverse effect
1. Rash and chills
2. Reflex tachycardia
3. Increase urinary output
4. Weight loss

A
  1. Reflex tachycardia
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26
Q

The nurse is caring for a patient with chronic hypertension. The patient is receiving losartan daily. Which patient manifestations would the nurse conclude is an adverse effect of this medication (Select all that apply)
1. Tremors
2. Dizziness
3. Drowsiness
4. Hypoglycemia
5. Angioedema

A

Dizziness
hypoglycemia
angioedema

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27
Q

A patient taking to dachshund has other medications on his list what medications should not be taken due to the possibility of hyperkalemia
1. ACE inhibitors
2. Warfarin
3. Aspirin
4. Spironolactone
5. Potassium supplements

A
  1. ACE inhibitors
  2. Spironolactone
  3. Potassium supplements
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28
Q

Treatment of digoxin overdose

A

Ivy infusion of digoxin immune Fab

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29
Q

Ace inhibitor drugs

A

-PRILS

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30
Q

A nurse is assessing a patient that is taking Lisinopril what actions by the nurse should be taken with this drug

A

Assess BP prior to Administration
Older adults, especially those with chronic kidney disease should receive lower doses to prevent toxicity

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31
Q

A patient that has had a previous angioedema has been prescribed Lisinopril what action by the nurse should be taken?

A

To call the provider

32
Q

A patient on Lisinopril is showing signs of angioedema what actions by the nurse should be taken next? (Select all that apply)
1. Continue monitoring patient every 2 hours
2. Check for Airway and breathing
3. Discontinue medication and call provider
4. Monitor glucose

A
  1. Check for Airway and breathing
  2. Call provider and discontinue Med
33
Q

What are the nursing implications for dysrhythmias

A

Monitor cause of dysrhythmias
need to determine and treat electrolyte imbalance
hypoxia
pain
anxiety
caffeine - no cake
tobacco
observe for signs and symptoms of dysrhythmias
decreased BP
irregular pulse
shortness of breath
dyspnea
chest pain
edema

34
Q

What drug is used to treat sinus bradycardia

A

Atropine

35
Q

Which drug is used for hypercholesterolemia and prevention of coronary artery disease

A

Statins

36
Q

Statins are the current wonder drug of the cardiac world now are you required medication for

A

MI & stroke

37
Q

What is the Moa of statin drugs?

A

Decreases production of l
LDL increases HDL

38
Q

Side effects for statin drugs

A

Headache
abdominal pain
muscle pain
sore throat
heartburn

39
Q

Adverse effects of statin drugs

A

Liver failure
rhabdomyelosis
GI upset
myopathy
elevated LFTs
peripheral neuropathy

40
Q

Affecting heart rate positive chronotropic medications increase heart rate negative chronotropic medications decrease heart rate
TorF

A

True

41
Q

Raas DDI’s

A

•Lithium
•digoxin
•NSAIDs
•potassium sparing diuretics
•anything that affects the kidneys •avoid any of the meds for angioedema

42
Q

A client with hypertension is prescribed a beta-blocker. The nurse should educate the client about which potential side effects of this medication?
1. Increase heart rate
2. hypertension
3. hypoglycemia
4. bronchoconstriction

A
  1. bronchoconstriction
43
Q

A client with atrial fibrillation is prescribed warfarin. The nurse understands that the therapeutic effect of Warfarin is primarily due to

  1. inhibition of platelet aggregation 2. inhibition of vitamin k- dependent clotting factors
  2. direct inhibition of thrombin……….. 4. promotion of fibrilysis
A
  1. Inhibition of vitamin K - dependent clotting factors
44
Q

A client with hypertension is prescribed an angiotension to receptor blocker. The nurse should instruct the client about the potential benefit of this medication in preventing
1. Hyperlipidemia
2. myocardial infarction
3. cerebral vascular accident
4. renal dysfunction

A
  1. Reno dysfunction
45
Q

Are IV solutions that contain electrolytes and other substances in concentrations that closely resemble the body’s ECF

A

Crystalloids

46
Q

Beta blockers

A

-LOLs

47
Q

Alpha 2 agonist

A

Clonidine

48
Q

Alpha 1 blockers

A

-Zosin

49
Q

Adverse effects for sartans

A

Fetal injury
angioedema
imbalance electrolytes
- decreased glucose
- increase potassium
- decrease sodium
low blood pressure

50
Q

Treatment for hyperkalemia

A

Ivy insulin with dextrose
Kayexalate

51
Q

Renin Antagonist

A

Aliskiren
Monitor for hyperkalemia

52
Q

DDI’s for

ARB’s
ACE’S
Renin Antagonist

A

Lithium
digoxin
NSAID’s
K+ sparing diuretics

53
Q

Negative chronotropic

A

Lower rate

54
Q

Negative inotropic

A

Less Force

55
Q

Negative dromotropic

A

Less Beats

56
Q

Alpha 1 blocker

A

-zosin
Vasodilation

57
Q

Alpha 2 blocker

A

Clonidine
CNS depression
Sedation

58
Q

Which medication is safer propranolol or metroprolol

A

Metoprolol because it is a cardio selective beta one

59
Q

Beta 1 affects the heart and

A

Decreases contractility
decreases heart rate
Decreases blood pressure

60
Q

How does beta 1 blockers affect the liver and lungs

A

Decreases glucose in the liver
bronchospasms in the lungs

61
Q

Nitrates drug names

A

Isosorbide
Nitroglycerin

62
Q

What is the antidote for Cyanide toxicity?

A

Thiosulfate

63
Q

Hydralazine large risk for

A

Rebound tachycardia on admission due to the vasodilation and drop in blood pressure
Generalized / peripheral edema

64
Q

Lidocaine quinine procainamide

A

●Slow down the heart rate
●causes urinary retension
•assess I&O

65
Q

Amiodarone decreases

A

The heart rate

66
Q

Amiodarone can lead to pulmonary complications and you should avoid in

A

COPD asthma and sleep apnea patients
Photosensitivity

67
Q

Adenosine helps with

A

Atrial arrhythmias

68
Q

Atropine

A

•Anticholinergic
•use for symptomatic bradycardia can
•lead to tachycardia
•anticholinergic complications

69
Q

Cholesterol medications General

A

•Give at night
•Assess liver function
¤Avoid alcohol
•Rhabdomyolosis
¤Muscle pain / breakdown •Myopathy
¤Muscle weakness
•Combining cholesterol medication increases these complications
•Avoid in pregnancy and lactating patients

70
Q

Statins

A

○The drug of choice for hyperlipidemia
○Heartburn
○Peripheral neuropathy

71
Q

Bile acid resins

A

Chloe-

72
Q

Chloe - binds to cholesterol to the bile acid and cause it to be

A

Excreted rectally

73
Q

Chloe Dash avoid giving other medications give one hour before bile acid resin or

A

4 to 6 hours after bile acid resins

74
Q

Chloe- chloestasis,

A

Chloecystitis
Anemia / leukopenia

75
Q

Nicotinic acid

A

•Vitamin B3
•causes flushing
•vasodilation
•rebound tachycardia
•avoid with Benadryl

Pharm (3 decks)

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