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Pharm > Cardiac Mod 2 > Flashcards

Cardiac Mod 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Treatment for coronary artery disease

A

BP control with meds
surgery
anticoagulants
anticolesterol meds
nitrates
beta blockers
ccbs

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2
Q

Is the deficit of oxygen to The myocardium usually caused by atherosclerotic plaque that narrows/blocks coronary arterial blood flow

A

Angina

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3
Q

Chest pain is unrelieved by rest and nitroglycerin last longer than 30 minutes short as a breath nausea vomiting diaphoresis all indicate what

A

Myocardial infarction

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4
Q

Treatment and management of MI

A

Oxygen
Aspirin
Nitroglycerin
Morphine

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5
Q

What drugs decrease myocardial oxygen demand

A

Nitrates
beta blockers
calcium channel blockers

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6
Q

Adverse effects with-PRILS

A

Hyperkalemia
angioedema
neutropenia
increases risk for infection
over 100.5 fever
COUGH

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7
Q

-SARTAN can cause

A

Hyperkalemia
angioedema

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8
Q

What is the Moa of nitroglycerin

A

Decreases resistance to blood flow in arterial system
decreases preload and afterload helps the heart receive more O2 and pump easier

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9
Q

Nitrates is used to

A

Relieve acute angina
prevent angina
used after patient has a heart attack or heart failure

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10
Q

Side effects for nitrates

A

HEADACHE
minor decrease in BP

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11
Q

Patient taking Verapamil - Diltiazem would like to know the signs and symptoms of this medication

A

Orthostatic hypertension
peripheral edema
headache
constipation
Steven Johnson syndrome

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12
Q

What are the sodium channel blockers (class I) for ventricular dysrhythmias and svts

A

•Lidocaine
•Quinadine
•Procainamide

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13
Q

A patient that has ventricular dysrhythmias is getting a new medication provided by the healthcare provider what medication could this be?

A

Lidocaine

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14
Q

A patient showing signs of SVT was put on procainamide what teachings should the nurse tell the patient

A

To monitor
•heart rate
•blood pressure
•ECG
•GI signs and symptoms
•This can cause urinary retention increase fall risk due to confusion

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15
Q

Side effects for sodium channel blockers (lidocaine, procainamide, quinidine)

A

•Hypotension
•Dysrhythmias
•Lupus
•Leukopenia
•Thrombocytopenia

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16
Q

Potassium channel blockers

A

AMIDARONE

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17
Q

What is Amidarone used for?

A

Reduces heart rate ♡
used for dysrhythmias including
•V-fib
•V-tac

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18
Q

What are some serious issues potassium channel blockers (Amidarone) can cause

A

Pulmonary issues/toxicity
dizziness
hypotension
photosensitivity
bradycardia
thyroid dysfunction
liver toxicity

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19
Q

Spironolactone is a

A

Potassium sparing diuretic

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20
Q

Which action by the nurse is most important when caring for a patient with chronic kidney disease who has an order for Furosemide
1. Assess your output in renal laboratory values for signs of nephro toxicity
2. Check the specific gravity of the urine daily
3. Eliminate potassium rich foods from diet
4. Encourage the patient to void every 4 hours

A

Assess urine output in Reno laboratory values for signs of nephrotoxicity

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21
Q

The patient admitted for heart failure has been receiving hydrochlorothiazide. Which laboratory levels should the nurse carefully monitor (select all that apply
1. Platelet cout
2. WBC
3. Potassium
4. Sodium
5. Uric Acid

A

Potassium
sodium
uric acid

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22
Q

The nurse is providing teaching to a patient who has been prescribed Furosemide. Which of the following should the nurse teach the patient?
1. Avoid consuming large amounts of kale, cauliflower, or cabbage
2. Rise solely from a lying or sitting position to standing
3. Count the pulse for 1 minute before taking this medication
4. Restrict fluid intake to no more than 1 L per 24-hour period

A
  1. Rice slowly from a lying or sitting position to standing
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23
Q

A patient with a history of heart failure will be started on spironolactone. Which drug group should not be used, or used with Extreme Caution in patients taking potassium sparing diuretics
1. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
2. Corticosteroids
3. Loop diuretics
4. ACE inhibitors or ARBs

A

4.

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24
Q

What can increase the risk for digoxin toxicity

A

Hypocalemia or hyperkalemia

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25
The nifedipine has been ordered for a patient with hypertension. In the care plan the nurse includes the need to monitor for which adverse effect 1. Rash and chills 2. Reflex tachycardia 3. Increase urinary output 4. Weight loss
2. Reflex tachycardia
26
The nurse is caring for a patient with chronic hypertension. The patient is receiving losartan daily. Which patient manifestations would the nurse conclude is an adverse effect of this medication (Select all that apply) 1. Tremors 2. Dizziness 3. Drowsiness 4. Hypoglycemia 5. Angioedema
Dizziness hypoglycemia angioedema
27
A patient taking to dachshund has other medications on his list what medications should not be taken due to the possibility of hyperkalemia 1. ACE inhibitors 2. Warfarin 3. Aspirin 4. Spironolactone 5. Potassium supplements
1. ACE inhibitors 4. Spironolactone 5. Potassium supplements
28
Treatment of digoxin overdose
Ivy infusion of digoxin immune Fab
29
Ace inhibitor drugs
-PRILS
30
A nurse is assessing a patient that is taking Lisinopril what actions by the nurse should be taken with this drug
Assess BP prior to Administration Older adults, especially those with chronic kidney disease should receive lower doses to prevent toxicity
31
A patient that has had a previous angioedema has been prescribed Lisinopril what action by the nurse should be taken?
To call the provider
32
A patient on Lisinopril is showing signs of angioedema what actions by the nurse should be taken next? (Select all that apply) 1. Continue monitoring patient every 2 hours 2. Check for Airway and breathing 3. Discontinue medication and call provider 4. Monitor glucose
2. Check for Airway and breathing 3. Call provider and discontinue Med
33
What are the nursing implications for dysrhythmias
Monitor cause of dysrhythmias need to determine and treat electrolyte imbalance hypoxia pain anxiety caffeine - no cake tobacco observe for signs and symptoms of dysrhythmias decreased BP irregular pulse shortness of breath dyspnea chest pain edema
34
What drug is used to treat sinus bradycardia
Atropine
35
Which drug is used for hypercholesterolemia and prevention of coronary artery disease
Statins
36
Statins are the current wonder drug of the cardiac world now are you required medication for
MI & stroke
37
What is the Moa of statin drugs?
Decreases production of l LDL increases HDL
38
Side effects for statin drugs
Headache abdominal pain muscle pain sore throat heartburn
39
Adverse effects of statin drugs
Liver failure rhabdomyelosis GI upset myopathy elevated LFTs peripheral neuropathy
40
Affecting heart rate positive chronotropic medications increase heart rate negative chronotropic medications decrease heart rate TorF
True
41
Raas DDI's
•Lithium •digoxin •NSAIDs •potassium sparing diuretics •anything that affects the kidneys •avoid any of the meds for angioedema
42
A client with hypertension is prescribed a beta-blocker. The nurse should educate the client about which potential side effects of this medication? 1. Increase heart rate 2. hypertension 3. hypoglycemia 4. bronchoconstriction
4. bronchoconstriction
43
A client with atrial fibrillation is prescribed warfarin. The nurse understands that the therapeutic effect of Warfarin is primarily due to 1. inhibition of platelet aggregation 2. inhibition of vitamin k- dependent clotting factors 3. direct inhibition of thrombin........... 4. promotion of fibrilysis
2. Inhibition of vitamin K - dependent clotting factors
44
A client with hypertension is prescribed an angiotension to receptor blocker. The nurse should instruct the client about the potential benefit of this medication in preventing 1. Hyperlipidemia 2. myocardial infarction 3. cerebral vascular accident 4. renal dysfunction
4. Reno dysfunction
45
Are IV solutions that contain electrolytes and other substances in concentrations that closely resemble the body's ECF
Crystalloids
46
Beta blockers
-LOLs
47
Alpha 2 agonist
Clonidine
48
Alpha 1 blockers
-Zosin
49
Adverse effects for sartans
Fetal injury angioedema imbalance electrolytes - decreased glucose - increase potassium - decrease sodium low blood pressure
50
Treatment for hyperkalemia
Ivy insulin with dextrose Kayexalate
51
Renin Antagonist
Aliskiren Monitor for hyperkalemia
52
DDI's for ARB's ACE'S Renin Antagonist
Lithium digoxin NSAID's K+ sparing diuretics
53
Negative chronotropic
Lower rate
54
Negative inotropic
Less Force
55
Negative dromotropic
Less Beats
56
Alpha 1 blocker
-zosin Vasodilation
57
Alpha 2 blocker
Clonidine CNS depression Sedation
58
Which medication is safer propranolol or metroprolol
Metoprolol because it is a cardio selective beta one
59
Beta 1 affects the heart and
Decreases contractility decreases heart rate Decreases blood pressure
60
How does beta 1 blockers affect the liver and lungs
Decreases glucose in the liver bronchospasms in the lungs
61
Nitrates drug names
Isosorbide Nitroglycerin
62
What is the antidote for Cyanide toxicity?
Thiosulfate
63
Hydralazine large risk for
Rebound tachycardia on admission due to the vasodilation and drop in blood pressure Generalized / peripheral edema
64
Lidocaine quinine procainamide
●Slow down the heart rate ●causes urinary retension •assess I&O
65
Amiodarone decreases
The heart rate
66
Amiodarone can lead to pulmonary complications and you should avoid in
COPD asthma and sleep apnea patients Photosensitivity
67
Adenosine helps with
Atrial arrhythmias
68
Atropine
•Anticholinergic •use for symptomatic bradycardia can •lead to tachycardia •anticholinergic complications
69
Cholesterol medications General
•Give at night •Assess liver function ¤Avoid alcohol •Rhabdomyolosis ¤Muscle pain / breakdown •Myopathy ¤Muscle weakness •Combining cholesterol medication increases these complications •Avoid in pregnancy and lactating patients
70
Statins
○The drug of choice for hyperlipidemia ○Heartburn ○Peripheral neuropathy
71
Bile acid resins
Chloe-
72
Chloe - binds to cholesterol to the bile acid and cause it to be
Excreted rectally
73
Chloe Dash avoid giving other medications give one hour before bile acid resin or
4 to 6 hours after bile acid resins
74
Chloe- chloestasis,
Chloecystitis Anemia / leukopenia
75
Nicotinic acid
•Vitamin B3 •causes flushing •vasodilation •rebound tachycardia •avoid with Benadryl

Pharm (3 decks)

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