Cardiac MOA

Question 1

Thiazides

Answer 1

Reduce peripheral resistance; reduced sodium and water retention–> decreased cardiac output

Question 2

Loops

Answer 2

Block Na+ and Cl- reabsorption in kidney (can be used in poor renal function); Cause decreased renal vascular resistance and increased renal blood flow

Question 3

K+ Sparing Diuretic

Answer 3

Inhibit Sodium transport at late distal and collecting ducts (fluid stays in urine)

Question 4

Aldosterone Antagonist

Answer 4

Aldosterone receptor antagonists; diminish cardiac remodeling in HF

Question 5

Nonselective BB

Answer 5

Block Beta 1 and 2 Receptors (decrease CO, decreases sympathetic outflow, inhibit release of renin)

Question 6

Cardioselective BB

Answer 6

Block Beta 1 Receptors

Question 7

Mixed Selective BB

Answer 7

Block alpha 1, Beta 1 and 2 - causes vasodilation

Question 8

Dihydropyridines

Answer 8

Peripheral dilation of arterioles via 1)blocking the movement of calciuminto smooth muscle cells to prevent contraction 2)Does not dilate veins

Question 9

Nondihydropyridines

Answer 9

Heart and peripheral dilation of arterioles via 1)blocking the movement of calciuminto smooth muscle cells to prevent contraction 2)Does not dilate veins3)Decreases cardiac output

Question 10

ACE Inhibitors

Answer 10

Inhibit conversion of angiotensin l to angiotensin ll to reduce BP

Question 11

ARBs

Answer 11

Block angiotensin l from binding to angiotensin ll receptor to reduce BP

Question 12

Direct Renin Inhibitors

Answer 12

Directly inhibits renin

Question 13

Alpha-1 Antagonists

Answer 13

Block alpha 1 receptors (causes vasodilation, decrease peripheral resistance, decrease BP)

Question 14

Alpha-2 Agonist

Answer 14

Centrally mediated-Reduce sympathetic outflow; enhance parasympathetic activity; reduceing HR, CO, total PR

Question 15

Peripheral Sympathetic Inhibitors

Answer 15

Reduces sympathetic tone and PR; depletes NE from sympathetic nerve endings

Question 16

Direct Vasodilators

Answer 16

Relax smooth muscles in arterioles; activates baroreceptors

Question 17

IV Vasodilators

Answer 17

Acts as source of NO-smooth muscle relaxation in arteries and veins; decreases preload

Question 18

Positive Inotropes

Answer 18

Causes vasodilation

Question 19

Statins

Answer 19

HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitors; reduce lipoprotein oxidation; enhance endothelium synthesis of nitric oxide and inhibit thrombus

Question 20

Cholesterol Absorption Inhibitors

Answer 20

Inhibits cholesterol absorption in the small intestine, preventing delivery to liver–>increase in clearance of cholesterol from blood (cholesterol ends up getting pulled from other parts of the body)

Question 21

PCSK9 Inhibitors

Answer 21

Inhibits binding of PCSK9 to LDL receptors on hepatocytes-more receptors to clear LDL from circulation

Question 22

Bile Acid Sequestrants

Answer 22

Bind to bile acids in the gut, which are then excreted (taken out of circulation to fulfil bodies need)

Question 23

Nicotinic Acid

Answer 23

Inhibits fatty acid release from adipose tissue and inhibits fatty acid and triglyceride production in liver cells

Question 24

Fibric Acid Derivatives

Answer 24

Activates PPAR-alpha, leading to the destruction and removal of triglycerides; increases HDL

Question 25

Omega-3 Fatty Acid

Answer 25

Reduces synthesis and increased clearance of tryglycerides

Question 26

Microsomal Transfer Protein Inhibitors

Answer 26

Oral inhibitor of microsomal triglyceride transfer protein-prevents assembly of Apo-B lipoproteins to reduce LDL

Question 27

Antisense Oligonucleotide

Answer 27

Prevent synthesis of ApoB, decreasing LDL

Question 28

Class l

Answer 28

Blocks Sodium from entering cardiac cell-difficult to depolarize

Question 29

Class ll

Answer 29

Inhibit AV nodal conduction by slowing AV nodal conduction and prolonging AV nodal refractorines

Question 30

Class lll

Answer 30

Blocks potassium from leaving cardiac cells, slows repolarization

Question 31

Class lV

Answer 31

Blocks calcium from entering cardiac cell; inhibits AV nodal conduction by slowing AV nodal conduction and prolonging AV nodal refractoriness

Question 32

Adenosine

Answer 32

Direct AV node inhibitor

Question 33

Digoxin

Answer 33

1. Vagal stimulation (PNS); 2. Direct AV nodal inhibition; 3. Prolongs AV node refractoriness (slows heart and beats harder)

Question 34

Warfarin

Answer 34

Inhibit production of variety of vitamin K dependent factors and proteins in the coagulation cascade

Question 35

Xa Inhibitors-indirectly

Answer 35

Accelerates antithrombin to indirectly inhibit Xa in clotting cascade

Question 36

Xa Inhibitors-directly

Answer 36

Inhibits Xa directly

Question 37

Direct Thrombin Inhibitors

Answer 37

Binds to thrombin to inhibit its interaction with other substrates to prevent clotting, works within the coagulation cascade

Question 38

Dabigatrin

Answer 38

Binds to thrombin reversibly to inhibit its interactions with other substrates to prevent clotting

Question 39

Heparin

Answer 39

Augments body's natural anticoagulant, AT within the coagulation cascade (binds to Xa and thrombin to prevent their actions/interactions)

Question 40

LMWH

Answer 40

Prevents propagation and growth of formed thrombi; works in coagulation cascade to inhibit thrombin and Xa

Question 41

ASA

Answer 41

Inhibit cyclooxygenase (COX)-Inhibit platelet activation/ aggregation

Question 42

Dipyridamole

Answer 42

Inhibit platelet aggregation response

Question 43

P2Y12 Inhibitors

Answer 43

Inhibit P2Y12 receptors to reduce platelet activation

Question 44

GP llb/llla Receptor Inhibitor

Answer 44

Fibrinogen bridges btw GPllb and lla receptors prevent cross linking of platelets

Question 45

Fibrinolytics

Answer 45

Break up life threatening thrombi

Question 46

Short Acting Nitrates

Answer 46

Cause vasodilation; dilate epicardial coronary artery/collateral vessels; relieve vasospasms

Question 47

Long Acting Nitrates

Answer 47

Cause vasodilation; dilate epicardial coronary artery/collateral vessels; relieve vasospasms

Question 48

Ranolazine

Answer 48

Decreases left ventricular wall tension and myocardial oxygen consumption