Cardiac Metabolism and Dysfunction, Myocardial Infarction,

Question 1

Effect of low O2 on heart energy

Answer 1

If not enough O2, pyruvate forms lactate, leading to acidosis or Dec pH. in low pH most sensitive molecules, proteins, change confirmation and eventually die/ low pH also alter other mechanisms like pumps.

Question 2

End product of gylosocis in low O2

Answer 2

lactate

longterm result of pain (H+ not escaping fast enough)

Question 3

Angina pectoris

Answer 3

chest pain associated with reversible myocardial inschemia

Question 4

MI - def

Answer 4

long term ischemia(blood supply restriction) leading to necrosis (damage)
blood clot formation
tissue death and pain

Question 5

Lipoproteins - fxn, comp[osition

Answer 5

Solublize fats for transportation in blood, carry fats to/from tissues
lipid-protein complexes, lipids and apoproteins

Question 6

Chylomicron - def, specific actions

Answer 6

Lipoprotein

Chylomicron remenant formed to deliver cholesterol to liver

Question 7

VLDL - def, actions

Answer 7

very low density lipoproteins

converted to LDL that deliver cholesterol to periphery while come return to liver

Question 8

HDL - def, actions

Answer 8

high density lipoproteins

pick up periphery cholesterol to return back to liver

Question 9

Hypercholestrolemia treatement

Answer 9

Dietary restrictions
<30% calories fat
Bile Salt binding drugs - increase LDL uptake
Statins - stimulate uptake of LDL

Question 10

Angina - treatment

Answer 10

Nitroglycerin - dilate arteries, improves O2 delivery, wash out lactic acid. NO relaxes smooth muscle, venodilation, reduction of arterial pressure
= lowering O2 requirement of heart
Ca chanel bockers - vasodilators
B-adernergic blockers - prevent increase in myocardial O2 consumption
CABG surgery

Question 11

Effects on Atherogenesis

• Inc LDL
• Dec HDL
• Hypertension
• Smoking
• Diabetes

Answer 11

• Inc LDL = inc lipoprotein entry into arterial wall
• Dec HDL = dec cholesterol egress from artery wall
• Hypertension = arterial endothelial injury; increase lipoprotein entry into wall
• Smoking = arterial endothelial injury; arterial wall hypoxia & thrombosis
• Diabetes = multiple effects (LDL modification)

Question 12

Diagnostic value of isoenzymes

Answer 12

Different organs may contain characteristic proportions of isoenzymes, thus isoenzymes levels in blood serve to ID the site of the tissue damage

Question 13

Therapeutic Agents in MI

Answer 13

Tissue Plasminogen Activator or Recombinant
- plasminogen to plasmin (dissolves blood clots)
Stretokinase (outdated)